Angiogenesis is induced by various angiogenic factors including vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), such as VEGF-A,-B,-C and-D, and is involved in tumor progression and metastasis. In an effort to define the expression pattern of VEGFs in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its correlation with clinicopathological factors, we determined the expression levels of VEGFs in OSCC cell lines (HSC-2, HSC-3, HSC-4 and OSC-19) by quantitative RT-PCR and examined their relationship with regional lymph node (LN) and distant metastasis, intratumoral microvessel density (MVD) in tumor transplanted nude mice. We found that HSC-2 and OSC-19 expressed significantly higher levels of VEGF-A and VEGF-C, and caused frequent regional LN metastasis and higher MVD than did the other cell lines. Since VEGF-C is a lymphangiogenic factor, these results suggest that expression of VEGF-C is a useful predictor for LN metastasis.

1. Diets containing 80, 100, 125, 150, 175 or 200 mg monensin/kg were fed to broiler chickens from 0 to 28 d in cages that prevented access to excreta. 2. Growth was depressed with 125 mg monensin or more/kg and food intake tended to decrease. Feathering was adversely affected with 175 mg or more/kg. 3. In a similar experiment, diets containing 8.8, 9.1, 9.4, 9.7 and 10.1 g total sulphur amino acids (SAA)/kg were supplemented with 125 or 80 mg monensin/kg and compared with a diet containing 8.8 g SAA and 33 mg robenidie/kg. 4. With 125 mg monensin/kg, body-weight gain was significantly less than that of birds receiving robenidine if dietary SAA content was 9.4 g or less/kg. With 9.7 g SAA or more/kg, gain in birds receiving monensin was similar to that of birds receiving robenidine. 5. Monensin at 125 mg/kg therefore appears to increase SAA requirement.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract