The Latarjet procedure remains an effective procedure for restoring stability to an unstable glenohumeral joint, particularly when there is glenoid bone deficiency.

An osseous defect with a width that is > or =19% of the glenoid length remains unstable even after Bankart lesion repair. The stabilizing mechanism of bone-grafting was the restoration of the glenoid concavity.

No abstract

The increase in stiffness of the upper trapezius is an objective finding and may be a persistently altered condition in individuals with neck and shoulder complaints. The patterns of change in stiffness of the levator scapulae are different between individuals with and without neck and shoulder complaints.

The extensive lengthening of the PMi is necessary during shoulder motions, especially flexion and scaption. Scapular retraction at 30 degrees of flexion makes the greatest change in PMi length. This study suggests the importance of the PMi in shoulder motion and provides anatomical and biomechanical evidence that might guide appropriate selection of stretching techniques.

No abstract

In the present study, the maximum strain on the ulnar nerve during the acceleration phase was found to be close to the elastic and circulatory limits of the nerve.

The current posterior capsule stretching program of the shoulder was not sufficient to stretch the entire posterior capsule.