名古屋大学Relationships between regulation strategies, emotional and behavioral engagement, and academic achievement This study examined relationships among regulation strategies, emotional and behavioral engagement, and academic achievement. Regulation strategies included metacognitive and motivational regulation strategies. Motivational regulation strategies have three subtypes: autonomous regulation strategies, cooperative strategies, and performance strategies. A self-reported survey was administered to 199 undergraduates from four universities, and an examination was conducted three months after the survey. Path analysis showed that use of metacognitive strategies was positively correlated with test scores, mainly through behavioral engagement. Moreover, use of autonomous regulation strategies was positively correlated with emotional engagement. Emotional engagement was positively correlated with test scores via behavioral engagement. On the other hand, use of performance strategies was negatively correlated with emotional engagement. Use of cooperative strategies was not correlated with engagement. These results indicate that each regulation strategy has a different function in learning, and that engagement mediates the relationships between various regulation strategies and academic achievement.

Self‐regulated learning theory assumes that self‐regulated learning appears as a socially shared phenomenon with collaborative processes, but there is little research focused on self‐regulation, co‐regulation, and socially shared regulation of “motivation for collaborative activity.” This study aimed to examine how previous performance level and motivational antecedent factors (i.e., self‐efficacy, task values) influence the three modes of regulation of intrinsic motivation, by comparing university students with working adults. Participants—397 university students and 380 working adults—completed questionnaires. Multigroup structural equation modeling revealed that previous performance level, self‐efficacy, and utility value positively predicted the three modes of regulation in both groups. In addition, previous performance level positively influenced self‐efficacy and task values. Interest value, which refers to the belief about interest in the task, positively predicted all three modes of regulation in working adults. In addition, the path coefficient of previous performance level to self‐regulation in university students was significantly higher than in working adults. We discuss possible reasons for the significant differences in regulation of motivation for collaborative activity between university students and working adults.

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This study developed a motivational regulation strategies scale for cooperative learning, and examined the relationships among strategies, motivational factors, and engagements. First, a self-reported questionnaire with open-ended questions was administered to 261 undergraduates, and 46 items were developed for the motivational regulation strategies scale. Next, a self-reported questionnaire pertaining to these items was administered to 284 undergraduates. A factor analysis indicated a five-factor structure for motivational regulation strategies in cooperative learning. The results of a partial correlation analysis among these strategies, self-efficacy, and intrinsic value supported the construct validity of the scale. The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that behavioral engagement was positively correlated with strategies to enhance a sense of duty, self-efficacy, and intrinsic value. Emotional engagement was positively correlated with active interaction strategies, strategies for structuring learning activities, and intrinsic value, and was negatively correlated with strategies to enhance a sense of duty. The effect of motivational regulation strategies on cooperative learning is discussed based on the present findings.

Relationships between motivational regulation strategies, motivational factors, and learning behaviors outside the classroom Takatoyo Umemoto （Kyushu Women's University） and Kenshiro Tanaka （University of Yamanashi）This study examined the relationships among motivational regulation strategies, motivational factors, and learning behaviors outside the classroom. There are three subtypes of motivational regulation strategies: autonomous regulation strategies, cooperative strategies, and performance-focused strategies. Motivational factors included in the investigation were self-efficacy and task value, while behavioral and emotional engagement and study time were selected as learning behaviors outside the classroom. A self-report questionnaire was administered to 322 undergraduates from two universities. Multiple regression analysis revealed the use of autonomous regulation strategies, and that task value was positively correlated with engagement and study time. Moreover, self-efficacy positively predicted study time. In contrast, the use of performance strategies negatively predicted engagement. The use of cooperative strategies did not predict learning behaviors. These results indicate that motivation, as well as the regulation of motivation, were important for learning outside the classroom. The effects of regulation of motivation and motivation on learning outside the classroom are discussed in light of the current findings.