In order to understand corrosion behavior of stainless steel in BWR reactor water conditions, characteristics of oxide films on stainless steel specimens exposed to H 2 O 2 and O 2 in high temperature water were determined by multilateral surface analyses, i.e., SEM (scanning electron microscope), LRS (laser Raman spectroscope), SIMS (secondary ion mass spectroscope) and STEM-EDX (scanning transmission electron microscope). The following points were experimentally confirmed. (1) Oxide layers were divided into inner and outer layers: Outer layers of the specimen exposed to 100 ppb H 2 O 2 consisted of larger corundum type hematite (-Fe 2 O 3) particles, while inner layers consisted of very fine Ni rich magnetite (Fe 3 O 4). Outer layers of the specimen exposed to 200 ppb O 2 consisted of larger magnetite mixture particles, while inner layers consisted of fine Cr rich magnetite. (2) Outer oxide layers consisted of oxide particles. The oxide particles depositing on the specimens exposed to 100 ppb H 2 O 2 were divided into two groups, i.e., a larger particle group and a smaller particle group. For other specimens, the diameter distribution of depositing particles was a single peak. Particle density and size were changed by oxidant concentration. The average diameter of the particles (that of the smaller group only for the specimen expose to 100 ppb H 2 O 2) decreased with [O 2 ] and [H 2 O 2 ]. (3) Total oxide film thickness decreased with [H 2 O 2 ] and increased with [O 2 ]. (4) A larger dissolution rate at higher [H 2 O 2 ] resulted in a thinner oxide film with smaller particles and larger hem-atite particles.
Ultrastructural localization of growth hormone in rat anterior pituitary and of muscle-specific actin in rabbit arterial smooth muscle cells was accomplished with a post-embedment procedure using colloidal gold. Plastic sections (2 microns) were mounted on slides, deplasticized, immunostained with immunoglobulin-colloidal gold particles, re-embedded in Epon, and sectioned for electron microscopy. This procedure enabled light and electron microscopic localization of these intracellular antigens on the same section. Positive immunostaining was demonstrated with this procedure with a muscle-specific actin antibody which previously failed to localize antigenic sites by EM. The procedure described yielded staining of high specificity, with minimal background and well-preserved ultrastructure. This re-embedding technique is useful in situations where problems with post-embedding EM immunostaining exist and where correlative LM and EM immunostaining is essential.
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