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The injection of a high frequency signal in the stator via inverter has been shown to be a viable option to estimate the magnet temperature in PMSMs. The variation of the magnet resistance with temperature is reflected in the stator high frequency resistance, which can be measured from the resulting current when a high frequency voltage is injected. However, this method is sensitive to d and q-axis inductances (L d and L q ) variations as well as to the machine speed. In addition, it is only suitable for SPMSMs, being inadequate for IPMSMs. In this paper, the use of a pulsating high frequency current injection in the d-axis of the machine for temperature estimation purposes is proposed. The proposed method will be shown to be insensitive to the speed, L q and L d variations. Furthermore, it can be used with both SPMSMs and IPMSMs. 1 Index Terms -Permanent magnet synchronous machines, magnet temperature estimation, high frequency signal injection.

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SummaryTo clarify the role of c-Mpl ligand (thrombopoietin: TPO) in liver cirrhosis (LC), we examined serum TPO levels (sTPO) in patients with LG (N = 44), chronic hepatitis (CH; N = 13) and healthy controls (N = 41) by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Although platelet counts of all LC patients (89 ± 59 × 109/1; mean ± SD) were lower than those of controls and CH patients, sTPO levels in LC patients (1.23 ± 0.51 fmol/ml) were the same as those in controls (1.22 ± 0.37) and CH patients (1.18 ± 0.36). Platelet counts were significantly higher in splenectomized patients than in unsplenectomized patients, but the sTPO level did not differ between these two groups. In LC patients, the sTPO level was not correlated with the platelet count, but was correlated with prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and total bilirubin, indicating that production of TPO in the liver decreases slightly with the development of liver dysfunction. Our findings suggest that production of TPO is maintained in LC patients and their thrombocytopenia is not due to a defect in platelet production.