DECi-hertz Interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory (DECIGO) is the future Japanese space gravitational wave antenna. DECIGO is expected to open a new window of observation for gravitational wave astronomy especially between 0.1 Hz and 10 Hz, revealing various mysteries of the universe such as dark energy, formation mechanism of supermassive black holes, and inflation of the universe. The pre-conceptual design of DECIGO consists of three drag-free spacecraft, whose relative displacements are measured by a differential Fabry-Perot Michelson interferometer. We plan to launch two missions, DECIGO pathfinder and pre-DECIGO first and finally DECIGO in 2024.

The International Axion Observatory (IAXO) will be a forth generation axion helioscope. As its primary physics goal, IAXO will look for axions or axion-like particles (ALPs) originating in the Sun via the Primakoff conversion of the solar plasma photons. In terms of signalto-noise ratio, IAXO will be about 4-5 orders of magnitude more sensitive than CAST, currently the most powerful axion helioscope, reaching sensitivity to axion-photon couplings down to a few ×10 −12 GeV −1 and thus probing a large fraction of the currently unexplored axion and ALP parameter space. IAXO will also be sensitive to solar axions produced by mechanisms mediated by the axion-electron coupling g ae with sensitivity −for the first time− to values of g ae not previously excluded by astrophysics. With several other possible physics cases, IAXO has the potential to serve as a multi-purpose facility for generic axion and ALP research in the next decade. In this paper we present the conceptual design of IAXO, which follows the layout of an enhanced axion helioscope, based on a purpose-built 20m-long 8-coils toroidal superconducting magnet. All the eight 60cm-diameter magnet bores are equipped with focusing x-ray optics, able to focus the signal photons into ∼ 0.2 cm 2 spots that are imaged by ultra-low-background Micromegas x-ray detectors. The magnet is built into a structure with elevation and azimuth drives that will allow for solar tracking for ∼12 h each day.

DECi-hertz Interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory (DECIGO) is the future Japanese space gravitational wave antenna. It aims at detecting various kinds of gravitational waves between 1 mHz and 100 Hz frequently enough to open a new window of observation for gravitational wave astronomy. The pre-conceptual design of DECIGO consists of three drag-free satellites, 1000 km apart from each other, whose relative displacements are measured by a Fabry–Perot Michelson interferometer. We plan to launch DECIGO in 2024 after a long and intense development phase, including two pathfinder missions for verification of required technologies.

We apply a nonlinear statistical method in turbulence to the cosmological perturbation theory and derive a closed set of evolution equations for matter power spectra. The resultant closure equations consistently recover the one-loop results of standard perturbation theory, and beyond that, it is still capable of treating the nonlinear evolution of matter power spectra. We find the exact integral expressions for the solutions of closure equations. These analytic expressions coincide with the renormalized one-loop results presented by Crocce and Scoccimarro apart from the vertex renormalization. By constructing the nonlinear propagator, we analytically evaluate the nonlinear matter power spectra based on the first-order Born approximation of the integral expressions and compare it with those of the renormalized perturbation theory. Subject headingg s: cosmology: theory -dark matter -large-scale structure of universe

Future missions of gravitational-wave astronomy will be operated by space-based interferometers, covering very wide range of frequency. Search for stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds (GWBs) is one of the main targets for such missions, and we here discuss the prospects for direct measurement of isotropic and anisotropic components of (primordial) GWBs around the frequency 0.1 − 10 Hz. After extending the theoretical basis for correlation analysis, we evaluate the sensitivity and the signal-to-noise ratio for the proposed future space interferometer missions, like Big-Bang Observer (BBO), Deci-Hertz Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observer (DECIGO) and recently proposed Fabry-Perot type DECIGO. The astrophysical foregrounds which are expected at low frequency may be a big obstacle and significantly reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of GWBs. As a result, minimum detectable amplitude may reach h 2 Ωgw = 10 −15 ∼ 10 −16 , as long as foreground point sources are properly subtracted. Based on correlation analysis, we also discuss measurement of anisotropies of GWBs. As an example, the sensitivity level required for detecting the dipole moment of GWB induced by the proper motion of our local system is closely examined.PACS numbers: 04.80.Nn, 95.55.Ym, 95.30.Sf

We present a formalism to calculate the non-linear matter power spectrum in modified gravity models that explain the late-time acceleration of the Universe without dark energy. Any successful modified gravity models should contain a mechanism to recover General Relativity (GR) on small scales in order to avoid the stringent constrains on deviations from GR at solar system scales. Based on our formalism, the quasi non-linear power spectrum in the Dvali-Gabadadze-Porratti (DGP) braneworld models and f (R) gravity models are derived by taking into account the mechanism to recover GR properly. We also extrapolate our predictions to fully non-linear scales using the Parametrized Post Friedmann (PPF) framework. In DGP and f (R) gravity models, the predicted non-linear power spectrum is shown to reproduce N-body results. We find that the mechanism to recover GR suppresses the difference between the modified gravity models and dark energy models with the same expansion history, but the difference remains large at weakly non-linear regime in these models. Our formalism is applicable to a wide variety of modified gravity models and it is ready to use once consistent models for modified gravity are developed.

We study the non-linear evolution of baryon acoustic oscillations in the matter power spectrum and correlation function from the improved perturbation theory (PT). Based on the framework of renormalized PT, which provides a non-perturbative way to treat the gravitational clustering of large-scale structure, we apply the closure approximation that truncates the infinite series of loop contributions at one-loop order, and obtain a closed set of integral equations for power spectrum and non-linear propagator. The resultant integral expressions are basically equivalent to those previously derived in the form of evolution equations, and they keep important non-perturbative properties which can dramatically improve the prediction of non-linear power spectrum. Employing the Born approximation, we then derive the analytic expressions for non-linear power spectrum and the predictions are made for non-linear evolution of baryon acoustic oscillations in power spectrum and correlation function. We find that the improved PT possesses a better convergence property compared with standard PT calculation. A detailed comparison between improved PT results and N-body simulations shows that a percent-level agreement is achieved in a certain range in power spectrum and in a rather wider range in correlation function. Combining a model of nonlinear redshift-space distortion, we also evaluate the power spectrum and correlation function in redshift space. In contrast to the results in real space, the agreement between N-body simulations and improved PT predictions tends to be worse, and a more elaborate modeling for redshift-space distortion needs to be developed. Nevertheless, with currently existing model, we find that the prediction of correlation function has a sufficient accuracy compared with the cosmic-variance errors for future galaxy surveys with volume of a few h −3 Gpc 3 at z 0.5.

Our original result should be modified due to the wrong estimation of the mass energy of the strings per unit length str , which is used below Eq. (12). The correct expression is str ¼ F 2 a lnð t= ffiffi ffi p s Þ, which is smaller than the original estimation by a factor of 1=2. This factor arises from the normalization for the kinetic term of the complex scalar field L kin ¼ 1 2 j@ Èj 2 . This correction does not affect the main results of numerical simulations, but leads to modifications on the results of some analytic calculations.First of all, the estimation of the time t 2 should be corrected as follows.