No abstract

We herein report the findings of a 17-year-old boy who suffered from a right external snapping hip, which was caused by an osteochondroma of the proximal femur. He has been asymptomatic since the excision of the tumor. This case shows a rare etiology in which an external snapping hip occurred between the iliotibal band and the osteochondroma.

CD133 is a transmembranous protein that mainly localises to the plasma membrane in haematopoietic and neural stem cells as well as cancer stem cells. Although CD133 also localises to the cytoplasm, the mechanism of action and function of cytoplasmic CD133 currently remain unknown. We herein demonstrated that when Src family kinase activity is weak, CD133 interacts with HDAC6 and is transported to the pericentrosomal region after internalization and endosome formation via the dynein-based traffic system. Pericentrosomal CD133 is then recycled to the plasma membrane via recycling endosomes. At the pericentrosomal region, endosomal CD133 captures GABARAP, an initiator of autophagy, and inhibits GABARAP-mediated ULK1 activation and the subsequent initiation of autophagy. Furthermore, pericentrosomal CD133 suppresses cell differentiation, such as primary cilium formation and neurite outgrowth, by inhibiting autophagy. Thus, the present results provide evidence to suggest that pericentrosomal CD133 has the unique property of maintaining the undifferentiated status of cells by inhibiting autophagy.

Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). AbstractPurpose: Fragility hip fractures (FHFs) are associated with a high risk of mortality, but the relative contribution of various factors remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate predictive factors of mortality at 1 year after discharge in Japan. Methods: A total of 497 patients aged 60 years or older who sustained FHFs during follow-up were included in this study. Expected variables were finally assessed using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Results: The 1-year mortality rate was 9.1% (95% confidence interval: 6.8-12.0%, n ¼ 45). Log-rank test revealed that previous fractures (p ¼ 0.003), Barthel index (BI) at discharge (p ¼ 0.011), and place-to-discharge (p ¼ 0.004) were significantly associated with mortality for male patients. Meanwhile, body mass index (BMI; p ¼ 0.023), total Charlson comorbidity index (TCCI; p ¼ 0.005), smoking (p ¼ 0.007), length of hospital stay (LOS; p ¼ 0.009), and BI (p ¼ 0.004) were the counterparts for females. By multivariate analyses, previous vertebral fractures (hazard ratio (HR) 3.33; p ¼ 0.044), and BI <30 (HR 5.42, p ¼ 0.013) were the predictive variables of mortality for male patients. BMI <18.5 kg/m 2 (HR 2.70, p ¼ 0.023), TCCI 5 (HR 2.61, p ¼ 0.032), smoking history (HR 3.59, p ¼ 0.018), LOS <14 days (HR 13.9; p ¼ 0.007), and BI <30 (HR 2.76; p ¼ 0.049) were the counterparts for females. Conclusions: Previous vertebral fractures and BI <30 were the predictive variables of mortality for male patients, and BMI <18.5 kg/m 2 , TCCI 5, smoking history, LOS <14 days, and BI <30 were those for females. Decreased BI is one of the independent and preventable risk factors. A comprehensive therapeutic approach should be considered to prevent deterioration of activities of daily living and a higher risk of mortality.