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Study DesignCross-sectional study.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between pelvic tilt (PT) and the sacro-femoral-pubic (SFP) angle, which is easier to identify than PT, in middle-aged and elderly Asian subjects from the general population.Overview of LiteratureMeasuring PT is important in the diagnosis and treatment of adult spinal deformity. However, identifying femoral heads, which are necessary to determine PT, using sagittal radiographs is often difficult.MethodsStanding coronal and sagittal pelvic radiographs of individuals aged more than 50 years were taken during a local medical examination. The subjects were divided into female, male, and total groups at the time of evaluation. Linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between PT and the SFP angle, which were obtained from the X-rays.ResultsThe present study included 291 subjects. There were no statistically significant differences between the left and right SFP angles, and there was gender difference regarding the SFP angle. However, a gender difference was observed regarding PT. The correlation between PT and the SFP angle was substantiated in each group. Pearson's correlation coefficients between PT and the SFP angle in the total, female, and male groups were 0.696, 0.853, and 0.619, respectively. In the linear regression analysis, PT was calculated as follows: PT=60.1−0.77×(SFP angle) in the total group, PT=62.8−0.80×(SFP angle) in the female group, and PT=51.5−0.64×(SFP angle) in the male group.ConclusionsA significant correlation between PT and the SFP angle was observed in middle-aged and elderly Asian subjects from the general population.

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Background: Shoulder and elbow injuries are major problems in baseball players. Tightness of the upper extremities has been reported as a risk factor for shoulder and elbow injuries in elementary and junior high school baseball players. However, few studies have been conducted on the relationship between decreased hip range of motion (ROM) and shoulder and elbow injuries. Purpose/Hypothesis: This study aimed to prospectively examine the relationship between hip ROM and throwing-related shoulder and elbow injuries in elementary and junior high school baseball players. The hypothesis was that players with unrestricted ROM in the hip would have a reduced risk of upper extremity injuries. Methods: The study included 263 baseball players (mean ± SD age, 10.5 ± 1.3 years; range, 7-14 years). The following physical parameters were assessed: (1) hip flexion ROM measured in the supine position and (2) hip internal and external rotation in the prone position. After the season, players completed questionnaires regarding shoulder and/or elbow injuries. For comparison, the players were classified as injured (not able to play for ≥8 days because of shoulder and/or elbow problems) or noninjured. Results: During the season, 52 players had shoulder and/or elbow injuries. When the injured and noninjured groups were compared, hip flexion on the dominant side (121.5° ± 12.0° vs 126.7° ± 9.8°, respectively; P < .01), hip flexion on the nondominant side (119.6° ± 11.7° vs 126.0° ± 9.9°, respectively; P < .01), and internal rotation on the dominant side (52.5° ± 11.3° vs 56.8° ± 10.8°, respectively; P = .01) were significantly reduced in the injured group. Conclusion: We identified preseason decreases in flexion bilaterally and internal rotation on the dominant side as risk factors for shoulder and elbow injuries in elementary and junior high school baseball players. Further studies are required to prevent disabilities in elementary and junior high school baseball players through development of prevention and intervention programs.

Introduction: Patients with hip osteoarthritis (OA) show abnormal movement patterns, including the leaning of the trunk toward the affected limb (Duchenne limp). Patients with severe OA, especially those with OA due to hip dysplasia, show a lateral pelvic drop (Trendelenburg sign). Aim: The aim of this preoperative study is to investigate the relationship between superior migration of the arthritic femoral head, pain, and hip abductor muscle strength, and to clarify the relationship between the coronal plane gait patterns with pain and hip abductor muscle strength. Methods: The subjects of this study were 18 patients with unilateral hip OA secondary to dysplasia. A radiographic analysis was performed on standardised anteroposterior pelvis films. The abductor muscle strength of the OA hip joint was measured with a handheld dynamometer. The tilt angle of the pelvis and trunk lean angle during gait were obtained using a 3-dimensional motion analysis system. Visual analogue scale (VAS) of pain was obtained after trial. Results: The 2 lateral pelvic angle patterns at the mid-stance of the affected limb during gait were detected. 1 is a pattern that was pelvic rise, and the other was a contralateral pelvic drop. Subjects with pelvic drop showed more superior femoral migration than that with pelvic rise (r = 0.69 p < 0.01). VAS of pain correlate significantly with coronal trunk angle on mid-stance of affected limb during gait (r = 0.761, p < 0.01). Conclusion: The pelvic drop Trendelenburg sign was influenced by superior migration of the femoral head, whereas the trunk lean Duchenne limp was found to be affected by pain.