A level crossing which is a cross point between an automobile road and a railroad is unavoidable for a railway operator. Of course, the safety at a level crossing is top priority and, at the same time, we have to consider the convenience and availability for passers by (pedestrians, vehicles, etc.).Basically, a current level crossing controller is a standalone device. Once it detects a fault, such as lightning stroke damage to a train sensor, it makes/keeps warning according to the fail-safe philosophy and stops passers by entering the train area.However, this long time warning causes not only inconvenience for the passer by but also dangerous situations. For example, it may interrupt emergency vehicles, or it may cause situations where a frustrated passer by would run through the level crossing barriers and enter the train area.Recent ICT (information communication technology) progress has been applied to solve our issues. We have developed a network level crossing system. More than three level crossing controllers are connected through the Ethernet LAN connection to exchange their operational data. At normal state, they are operating as stand-alone machines, once one controller detects a problem, it operates not by means of its own data but by another controller's data. As a result, by a degraded level crossing function, passers by need not undergo unnecessary extensive warning.We have produced the network level crossing system experimentally and examined it in house. Numerical estimation using actual train operation data shows that in cases of malfunction of a train detector, the current level crossing system warns every time, whereas our system warns only 18.7% of the time. It means that the current system completely blocks passers by and our system provides many chances to pass the level crossing. Our system achieves the convenience and
This paper presents a formal approach for generating train timetables in a mesoscopic level that is more concrete than the macroscopic level, where each station is simply expressed in a black-box, and more abstract than the microscopic level, where the infrastructure in each stationarea is expressed in detail. The accuracy of generated timetable and the computational effort for the generation is a trade-off. In this paper, we design a formal mesoscopic modeling language by analyzing real railways, for example Tazawako-line as the first step of this work. Then, we define the constraint formulae for generating train timetables with the help of SMT (Satisfiability Module Theories)-Solver, and explain our tool RW-Solver that is an implementation of the constraint formulae. Finally, we demonstrate how RW-Solver with the help of SMT-Solver can be used for generating timetables in a case study of Tazawako-line.
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