The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of autologous uncultured bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell transplantation in large full-thickness cartilage regeneration. After fixing with a hinged external fixator, the entire surface of the left tibial plateau was resected and large full-thickness cartilage defects were formed in 48 rabbits. Animals were divided into four groups: autologous uncultured bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells with fibrin gel (BMC), autologous uncultured peripheral blood-derived mononuclear cells with fibrin gel (PBC), fibrin gel alone (GEL), or nothing (CON) transplanted to the articular cavity 7 days after the operation. The rabbits were killed 8 or 12 weeks after the operation. The repair of defects was investigated histologically and scored using a histological and histochemical grading scale that was modified from the International Cartilage Repair Society Visual Histological Assessment Scale. To evaluate the regenerated cartilage, we also morphometrically measured the staining area positive for Safranin-O or type II collagen and calculated the percentages of the positive staining areas with respect to the regenerated soft tissue area. Histological findings showed that the BMC group had superior cartilage repair compared with the other groups, and that the PBC and CON group showed better cartilage repair than did the GEL group. Histological scores and morphometrical measurements also showed the same results quantitively. The transplantation of autologous uncultured bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells contributes to articular cartilage repair. The easy and safe method used in this study is potentially viable for clinical application.
BackgroundSoft tissue injuries associated with distal radius fractures have been reported by some authors. Arthroscopy can be used to evaluate the condition of the articular surface and intracarpal soft tissues and as an aid to treatment. There are three intracarpal soft tissues of particular importance: the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC), the scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL), and the lunotriquetral interosseous ligament (LTIL). The purpose of this study was to evaluate intracarpal soft tissue injuries and their relationships with fracture types during arthroscopic surgical treatment of distal radius fractures.MethodsEighty-nine patients in our hospital underwent surgical treatment by arthroscopy for a fracture of the distal end of the radius. They ranged in age from 17 to 92 years (mean, 62.2 years), and comprised 20 men (mean age, 45.6 years) and 69 women (mean age, 66.5 years). The AO classification data on plain radiographs indicated A2 fracture in four patients, A3 fracture in 10 patients, C1 fracture in two patients, C2 fracture in 24 patients, and C3 fracture in 49 patients. Wrist arthroscopy was performed with vertical traction, and intracarpal soft tissues were examined. For assessment of the TFCC in the radiocarpal space, the Palmar classification was used. For assessment of the SLIL and LTIL in the midcarpal space, the Geissler classification was used.ResultsTFCC injury was present in 59% of cases, SLIL injury in 54.5% of cases, and LTIL injury in 34.5% of cases. Only 17.1% of patients (14/82 patients) were negative for all three types of injury. In 81% of cases (72/89 patients), some intracarpal soft tissue injury was present in association with the fracture.ConclusionsThe fracture was complicated by TFCC injury in 59% of patients, SLIL injury in 54.5% of patients, and LTIL injury in 34.5% of patients, irrespective of the fracture type.
This study aims to develop models to estimate the CO2 hydrate film formation and growth for different temperature and flow velocity conditions. First, the CO2 hydrate film thickness at the initial stage of its formation is experimentally measured under different temperature and flow velocity conditions using laser interferometry. Based on the results, the CO2 hydrate film thickness was found to decrease with increasing temperature and flow velocity. Next, the CO2 hydrate film formation model and growth model are developed, and the models are verified using the present experimental data. Finally, the long term growth of CO2 hydrate film thickness is estimated by the proposed growth model of CO2 hydrate film thickness. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 4078–4089, 2016
We have previously shown that joint distraction and movement with a hinged external fixation device for 12 weeks was useful for repairing a large articular cartilage defect in a rabbit model. We have now investigated the results after six months and one year. The device was applied to 16 rabbits who underwent resection of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone from the entire tibial plateau. In group A (nine rabbits) the device was applied for six months. In group B (seven rabbits) it was in place for six months, after which it was removed and the animals were allowed to move freely for an additional six months. The cartilage remained sound in all rabbits. The areas of type II collagen-positive staining and repaired soft tissue were larger in group B than in group A. These findings provide evidence of long-term persistence of repaired cartilage with this technique and that weight-bearing has a positive effect on the quality of the cartilage.
We produced large full-thickness articular cartilage defects in 33 rabbits in order to evaluate the effect of joint distraction and autologous culture-expanded bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal cell transplantation (ACBMT) at 12 weeks. After fixing the knee on a hinged external fixator, we resected the entire surface of the tibial plateau. We studied three groups: 1) with and without joint distraction; 2) with joint distraction and collagen gel, and 3) with joint distraction and ACBMT and collagen gel. The histological scores were significantly higher in the groups with ACBMT collagen gel (p < 0.05). The area of regenerated soft tissue was smaller in the group allowed to bear weight (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that the repair of large defects of cartilage can be enhanced by joint distraction, collagen gel and ACBMT.
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