This study investigated the correlation of the cognitive functions with fall history. [Participants and Methods] The mental and physical conditions of the participants were assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence, the Life-Space Assessment-Japanese edition, and the 10-meter Walk Test. Reaction Time and Premotor Time were measured while subjects were performing the Simple Reaction Task, the Go/No-go Reaction Task, and the Probe Reaction Task. [Results] The Premotor Times which correspond to the cognitive process were significantly longer in the fall group. [Conclusion] Delay of the cognitive process increases the risk of falls.
The dehydrogenation of isobutane to isobutene was accomplished using a NiO/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalyst. Furthermore, signi cant improvement in the time-on-stream yield of isobutene was achieved. During the normal catalytic dehydrogenation of alkanes, the catalyst is covered by carbon deposition generated during the reaction, which signi cantly reduces the activity with time-on-stream. Therefore, no examples of the catalytic dehydrogenation of isobutane have yet been reported. This study used either ethane or propane as a source of isobutane to examine whether the activity was improved with time-on-stream. As a result, in the dehydrogenations of both ethane and propane on a NiO/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalyst, the catalytic activity decreased with time-on-stream when the supporting amount of NiO was small. In contrast, when the supporting amount of NiO was large, the catalytic activity improved with time-on-stream. Using a NiO/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalyst with small and large NiO loadings led to similar results to those of isobutane dehydrogenation. In addition, it was con rmed that the dehydrogenation activity was improved with time-on-stream in the catalytic dehydrogenations of ethane, propane, and isobutane using high NiO loadings. The behavior using a moderate amount of NiO loading, which was not detected in the dehydrogenation of isobutane, was also observed, which resulted in a maximum yield of either ethylene or propylene at 2.0 or 3.25 h on-stream, respectively. We concluded that the reason the catalytic activity did not improve with time-on-stream when using a NiO/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalyst was because the supporting amount of NiO was negligible. These results demonstrate that the activity with time-on-stream could also be improved in the dehydrogenations of other alkanes.
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