A novel method for real-time visual observation of traveling -band waves is described. Wave images and movies are acquired by a live electrooptic imaging (LEI) camera equipped with an optical source that emits signals modulated at a local oscillator (LO) frequency in the -band range. Waves propagating in a slab waveguide made of a semiconductor plate as well as in the air are successfully visualized. Especially in this paper, -band wave images for the aerial propagation in a variety of forms are presented: spherical and plane waves together with some fundamental wave phenomena such as reflection, interference, and diffraction at metal-air interfaces. The principle of 100-GHz optical LO signal generation at the optical wavelength of 780 nm as well as performance parameters such as the spatial resolution, bandwidth, and dynamic range of the camera are discussed. Further, some preliminary applications of the scheme are presented.Index Terms-Electrooptic (EO) effects, imaging, millimeter-wave measurements, millimeter-wave propagation, millimeter-wave radio propagation.
A novel experimental approach has been proposed and demonstrated to visualize and characterize Bloch functions in two-dimensional microwave metamaterial structures. Internal waves in the structures have been visualized by the live electrooptic imaging technique and their wave vectors have been analytically characterized via complex Fourier transforms of experimentally generated complex phasor images. In addition, the two constituents of Bloch functions, i.e., plane wave envelope functions and periodic functions, have been dissected visually and characterized individually. Intriguing comprehensions of Bloch functions in metamaterials have been unveiled by the wave vector distributions and wave-dissected images thus obtained.
Experimental visualization of a wave packet traveling along a composite right/left-handed transmission line in its left-handed frequency band is successfully demonstrated. The demonstration is based on the RF wave visualization scheme of live electrooptic imaging technique in conjunction with composition of Fourier component video images. Propagation speed of the wave packet, i.e. group velocity was evaluated spatially on its propagation video. In addition, its frequency dependence, i.e. group velocity dispersion was characterized.Their comparison with those deduced from S-parameter measurement data was discussed.
An experimental technique for visualizing in-plane distributions of polarization states for an electromagnetic wave has been proposed and demonstrated successfully; distributions of rotating electric near-field vectors Exy as well as their elliptic traces have been imaged electrooptically at a series of distances from the surface of a side-fed planar spiral antenna. The visualization was brought about by merging Ex and Ey phasor videos acquired complementarily by the live electrooptic imaging technique.
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