A cationic fluorescent nanogel thermometer based on thermo-responsive N-isopropylacrylamide and environment-sensitive benzothiadiazole was developed with a new azo compound bearing imidazolium rings as the first cationic radical initiator. This cationic fluorescent nanogel thermometer showed an excellent ability to enter live mammalian cells in a short incubation period (10 min), a high sensitivity to temperature variations in live cells (temperature resolution of 0.02-0.84 °C in the range 20-40 °C), and remarkable non-cytotoxicity, which permitted ordinary cell proliferation and even differentiation of primary cultured cells.

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A formal synthesis of a hepatitis C virus (HCV) inhibitor is described. The synthesis features a benzyne-mediated one-pot indoline formation-methylation sequence and an In(OTf) 3 -mediated mild oxa-Pictet-Spengler reaction for the synthesis of substituted electron-rich pyranoindole.