Acquisition of exact information of three-dimensional knee joint movement is desired in plastic surgery. Conventional X-ray fluoroscopy provides dynamic but just two-dimensional projected image. On the other hand, three-dimensional CT provides three-dimensional but just static image. In this paper, a method for acquiring three-dimensional knee joint movement using both bi-plane, dynamic X-ray fluoroscopy and static three-dimensional CT is proposed. Basic idea is use of 2D/3D registration using digitally reconstructed radiograph (DRR) or virtual projection of CT data. Original ideal is not new but the application of bi-plane fluoroscopy to natural bones of knee is reported for the first time. The technique was applied to two volunteers and successful results were obtained. Accuracy evaluation through computer simulation and phantom experiment with a knee joint of a pig were also conducted.
The arrival of the aging society means the increase in the human with the feeble body And the lncrease of the lnjury by traffic accidents , etc . ts eonnected with the increase in the human who requires the recovery of hls strength . Social necessity such as rehab 且itation or training equipment that can be used easny hei 巳 htens . Therefore, the expectation to the welfare equipment more and more heighte 艮 . Then, we proposed the training equipment tha し was gentle for the human by the beginning movement load theory , alld it was made experimentaUy In averagingthe electromyogram detected under training, the slze of the training load is decided, By the exl 〕eriments , it was confirmed to be effective of this technique ,
In the problem solving of the arithmetical word problems, the process until the solution method is identified as the most important.
It is necessary to design and develop the basic functions for exercise problem support in an intelligent tutoring system (ITS), such as problem solving, problem generation, and problem explanation, aiming at the support for the identification of the solution method. In this study, those three basic functions are realized based on the problem‐solving method MIPS (model of indexing in problem solving).
This paper describes the problem‐solving module, the problem‐generation module and the problem‐explanation module. The problem‐solving module not only solves the arithmetical word problem but also generates the cognitive description of the identification process for the solution method. The problem‐generation module can generate the problem which specifies what students should do in the identification process. The problem explanation module can indicate the equivalence and difference between any two problems concerning the identification process.
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