A low-voltage (< 10 V), high-transmittance (> 80%), submillisecond-response, and hysteresis-free polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystal (BPLC) device with vertical field switching (VFS) and oblique incident light are demonstrated experimentally. Unlike the commonly employed in-plane switching in which the electric field is primarily in lateral direction and not uniform spatially, the VFS mode has uniform longitudinal field. As a result, the operating voltage is reduced by ∼ 3.2 × which in turn helps to eliminate hysteresis. The VFS mode is a promising candidate for the emerging BPLC display and photonic devices.

We prove that the shell-focusing sinphities in a dass of recollapsing non-syndnonous Tolman-Bondi metrics are locally naked by solving the radial outgoing null geodesic equation in the neighbourhood of such events. In addition we prove that within such a dass it is possible to choose the arbitrary functiws invdved so that the corresponding singulsrities are also 'gravitationally strong' in the s-e that they satisfy the strong limiting focusing conrlition. ~iitroduciionThe problem of cosmic censorship has been the subject of a great deal of research in general relativity, but only a few steps have been made towards its solution. In fact, even the kind of events which one would wish to censor is not at all clear; in particular, there is a rather sharp distinction between weak and strong conjectures. From the first point of view one considers as pathological only the possibility that singular events can be observed from 'infinity'. However, one has to be careful because, in some sense still to be specified, a well defined infinity must be present in Penrose compactification, which need not be the case; the spacetime must be at least weakly asymptotically simple. In addition, the scale invariance of general relativity suggests that one should take the attitude of censoring even locally each singular event (see e.g. Penrose 1979); on the other hand, only 'stable' naked singularities (hereafter, the words 'naked singularity' will characterize any violation of global hyperbolicity) should be considered as really pathological; and one knows that there are no sufficiently general criteria for testing stability in general relativity. In addition, one does not know at all which kind of conditions have to be imposed on the energy-momentum tensor, since there are explicit examples of naked singularities in spacetimes satisfying all the usual energy conditions; however, nothing can be said ahout the stability of such behaviour.The aim of this paper is a modest one compared with the width of this open problem. We confine ourselves to analyzing the visibility and the strength of certain singularities arising in the spherically symmetric collapse of 'dust' (i.e. of a pressurefree perfect fluid), as described by the so-called Tolman-Bondi metrics. :The idea that the strength of a naked singularity can be related to its stability goes back, as far as we know, to Newman (1986a), who suggested that the so-called blue-shift criterion could be used to test stability, in analogy with perturbation theory for a Reissner-Nordstrom spacetime (Chandrasekhar and Hartle 1982) In fact, this kind of instability seems to be related to the fact that U(p) = I -( p ) n C is noncompact for any p € H+(C), C being a partial Cauchy slice. However, this has turned 0264-9381/91/040739+11%03.50

One polarizer type reflective LCDs require a quarter wave plate.However, conventional quarter wave plate using uniaxial retardation films have poor viewing angle and high wavelength dependences. In this paper, we designed a quarter wave plate with wide viewing angle and wide wavelength range by using three biaxial retardation films. In addition, we realized a high quality reflective LCD with wide viewing angle range and high contrast ratio by applying this quarter wave plate and wide-view polarizer to the R-OCB cell.

We propose a novel wide-view polarizer with extremely low light leakage in all directions. This wide-view polarizer has advantage of high achromaticity. By applying this polarizer to the IPS mode and the R-OCB mode, we have confirmed to obtain excellent wide viewing angle in its black state.

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Abstract— One problem with front‐projection displays is that the screen contrast ratio decreases in bright ambient light. In this paper, we propose a new front‐projection display system that incorporates the control of reflection of ambient light in the screen design, providing a high contrast ratio even in a brightly lit room.

According to a popularization of LCD-TVs, realization of highperformance moving image LCD, such as field sequential color LCD, is required. This paper points out that we have clarified the temperature dependency of viscosity coefficients and flow effects that are great relevance to response of LC comparing among OCB, ECB and VA modes.From mentioned results, we have designed and realized the high-speed response prototyped OCBmode field sequential color TFT-LCD of 15-inch XGA in consideration of temperature dependency.