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AIM:To show that aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid (ALTA) sclerotherapy has a high success rate for Grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ hemorrhoids. METHODS:This study was based on the clinical data of 604 patients with hemorrhoids who underwent ALTA sclerotherapy between January 2009 and February 2015. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of this treatment for Grades Ⅱ and Ⅲ hemorrhoids. Preoperative and postoperative symptoms, complications and success rate were all assessed retrospectively. Follow-up consisted of a simple questionnaire, physical examination and an anoscopy. Patients were followed-up at one day, one week, two weeks, one month, one year, two years, three years, four years and five years after the ALTA sclerotherapy. RESULTS:One hundred and sixty-nine patients were diagnosed with Grade Ⅱ hemorrhoids and 435 patients were diagnosed with Grade Ⅲ hemorrhoids. The one year, three year and five year cumulative success rates of ALTA sclerotherapy for Grades Ⅱ and Ⅲ hemo- Retrospective Study 845July 18, 2016|Volume 8|Issue 20| WJH|www.wjgnet.com Miyamoto H et al . ALTA sclerotherapy for Grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ hemorrhoids rrhoids were 95.9% and 93.1%; 89.3% and 83.7%; and 89.3% and 78.2%, respectively. No significant differences were observed in the cumulative success rates after ALTA sclerotherapy between Grades Ⅱ and Ⅲ hemorrhoids (P = 0.09). There were forty-seven post-operative complications (low grade fever; anal pain; urinary retention; rectal ulcer; and others). No serious or life-threatening complications occurred and all cases improved through conservative treatment. At univariate analysis there were no predictive factors of failure. CONCLUSION:ALTA sclerotherapy has had a high success rate for Grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ hemorrhoids during five years of post-operative treatment. However, additional studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of this ALTA sclerotherapy in the management of hemorrhoidal disease.

Antithrombotic activities of odorless garlic powder were demonstrated in blood fibrinolytic and coagulation systems. Though the odorless garlic preparation did not influence tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) or its inhibitor secretions from human umbilical vein endothelial cells, it enhanced plasmin generation by t-PA on fibrin film and in chromogenic assays by 1.8-fold and 8.7-fold respectively. The coagulation system was considerably reduced after the administration of the garlic in a rat in situ loop model, indicating that increased levels of thrombin-antithrombin III (TAT) complex in the control group were significantly reduced to normal (sham) in the garlic group (p<0.05), which was associated with decreasing tendencies towards prolonged or increased values of coagulation parameters in the control group. These findings suggest that odorless garlic not only activates fibrinolytic activity by accelerating t-PA-mediated plasminogen activation, but also suppresses the coagulation system by downregulating thrombin formation, suggesting a beneficial role in preventing pathological thrombus formation in such cardiovascular disorders.

We compared the effects of identical amounts but different proportions of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced mammary cancer in a rat model. The ability of dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to suppress mammary cancer was evaluated. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups and maintained on diets containing 10% fatty acid consisting of EPA, a 1:1 mixture of EPA-plus-DHA, or DHA. The experimental diet was started after administration of MNU at 49 days of age, and the rats were maintained on the respective diets until the largest mammary tumor reached >1 cm in diameter or until the end of the study period (20 wk after MNU). All histologically detected mammary carcinomas were evaluated, irrespective of size. The DHA diet was associated with significant suppression of the carcinogenic effect of MNU compared with the EPA and EPA-plus-DHA diets: tumor incidence decreased to 23% (3/13) compared with 73% (11/15) and 65% (12/17) (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively); tumor multiplicity decreased to 0.23 compared with 1.67 and 1.59 (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). There was no significant difference in tumor latency among the DHA, EPA, and EPA-plus-DHA groups (119, 105, and 117 days, respectively). Over 20 wk, the fatty acid composition of serum and mammary fat tissue reflected differences in the dietary n-3 PUFAs. Although DHA suppressed MNU-induced mammary carcinogenesis more effectively than EPA, generalized steatosis including mammary fat tissue appeared in all three groups.