Some quantum interference effects are exposed directly in experiments, but others are not and remain just hidden and thus require thorough theoretical analysis to be exposed. In this respect, the second absorption bands of IX (X = Cl, Br) molecules show an interesting behavior in the photofragment anisotropy of the lowest I((2)P3/2)+X((2)P3/2) product channel; it changes from strongly parallel distribution on the shorter wavelength side to strongly perpendicular distribution on the longer wavelength side. Because the responsible perpendicular third Ω = 1 (1(III)) excited state correlating adiabatically to this product channel has only a weak absorption, the parallel component flux yielding the same products must be comparatively weak, even though the responsible parallel excitations to the 0(+)(III) and/or 0(+)(IV) excited states have strong absorptions. In the present theoretical study, the branching ratios and the anisotropy parameters have been obtained using the spin-orbit configuration interaction method combined with the quantum mechanical wavepacket and semiclassical approaches. Significant quantum interference effect between the two dissociative de Broglie waves on the 0(+)(III) and 0(+)(IV) potential curves has been found through the avoided crossing, and the weak parallel flux to the ground-state product channel has been explained by their destructive interference character. This interference effect has weak excitation energy dependence due to rather unique behavior of their almost parallel potential curves from the Franck-Condon to avoided crossing regions.
A theory for dynamics of molecular photoionization from nonadiabatic electron wavepackets driven by intense pulse lasers is proposed. Time evolution of photoelectron distribution is evaluated in terms of out-going electron flux (current of the probability density of electrons) that has kinetic energy high enough to recede from the molecular system. The relevant electron flux is in turn evaluated with the complex-valued electronic wavefunctions that are time evolved in nonadiabatic electron wavepacket dynamics in laser fields. To uniquely rebuild such wavefunctions with its electronic population being lost by ionization, we adopt the complex-valued natural orbitals emerging from the electron density as building blocks of the total wavefunction. The method has been implemented into a quantum chemistry code, which is based on configuration state mixing for polyatomic molecules. Some of the practical aspects needed for its application will be presented. As a first illustrative example, we show the results of hydrogen molecule and its isotope substitutes (HD and DD), which are photoionized by a two-cycle pulse laser. Photon emission spectrum associated with above threshold ionization is also shown. Another example is taken from photoionization dynamics from an excited state of a water molecule. Qualitatively significant effects of nonadiabatic interaction on the photoelectron spectrum are demonstrated.
A theoretical method for real-time dynamics of nonadiabatic reorganization of electronic configurations in molecules is developed, with dual aim that the intramolecular electron dynamics can be probed by means of direct and/or indirect photoionizations and that the physical origins behind photoionization signals attained in the time domain can be identified in terms of the language of time-dependent quantum chemistry. In doing so, we first formulate and implement a new computational scheme for nonadiabatic electron dynamics associated with molecular ionization, which well fits in the general theory of nonadiabatic electron dynamics. In this method, the total nonadiabatic electron wavepackets are propagated in time directly with complex natural orbitals without referring to Hartree-Fock molecular orbitals, and the amount of electron flux from a molecular region leading to ionization is evaluated in terms of the relevant complex natural orbitals. In the second half of this paper, we apply the method to electron dynamics in the elementary processes consisting of the Auger decay to demonstrate the methodological significance. An illustrative example is taken from an Auger decay starting from the 2a orbital hole-state of HO. The roles of nuclear momentum (kinetic) couplings in electronic-state mixing during the decay process are analyzed in terms of complex natural orbitals, which are schematically represented in the conventional language of molecular symmetry of the Hartree-Fock orbitals.
Organic−inorganic hybrid halide perovskites (ABX 3 , where A = CH 3 NH 3 + (methylammonium ion, MA); B = Pb 2+ ; and X = Br − , I − , or Cl − ) have excellent optoelectronic properties and are highly efficient photovoltaic materials, but their chemical instability impedes their development for use in next-generation solar cells, wherein they serve as the lightharvesting material. Here, we propose a mechanism of photoluminescence red-shift, a performance-loss phenomenon known as light-induced halide segregation, in mixed-halide perovskites upon illumination using in situ single-particle spectroscopy and synchrotron-based X-ray techniques. Our experimental analyses suggest a defect-assisted photoinduced transition from ordinary nonpolar phases to polar phases at the local scale within seconds is coupled with organic cation reorientation, which in turn narrows the bandgap; first-principles calculations quantitatively supported this result. Our findings provide deeper insights into the nature of local polar domains in hybrid perovskite materials and help improve device stability and efficiency.
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