Using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, we have studied quantized magnetic fluxes (vortices) that penetrated nanosized superconductors with void structures inside. The void structures act as a pinning center for the vortices, and the trapped vortices are confined and squeezed inside. When multiple vortices are trapped in voids, a cluster of vortices and a giant vortex were formed as a result of the squeezing, depending on the depth and the size of the trapping potential.
Using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, we have studied superconductivity and vortex formation on Pb nano-size superconducting island structures by measuring the tunneling conductance at the bottom of the superconducting gap and making its spatial mapping. Peculiar clustering of vortices, which is not observed in large-scale superconductors, is observed in the nanosize superconductors.
The activities of calcium in the Ca0~*td -Ca-CaX2fluxes (X: Cl. Br. l) The experimental results for the Ca0~*td.-Ca-CaC12, CaOsatd.~Ca-CaBr2and CaO**td -Ca-Cal2 systems are summarized in Tables 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In
We present further modifications to aberration-corrected environmental transmission electron microscopy (AC-ETEM) for the dynamic HRTEM observation of single atoms. Additional pumping levels that include three additional turbomolecular pumps (TMPs) enable a base pressure of 3.5 × 10(-5) Pa in the sample chamber. The effect of these additional TMPs on image resolution was measured in reciprocal space using information limit (Young's fringes) on a standard cross grating sample and also with platinum (Pt) single atoms on an amorphous carbon film (Pt/a-carbon). The Pt/a-carbon was used for measuring the effect of gas pressure on single-atom imaging in addition to the evaluation of vibrations of TMPs, samples, magnetic lenses and a microscope column of the AC-ETEM. TMPs did not affect the ETEM imaging performance when an anti-vibration table was used, and 0.10-nm resolution was achieved. Dynamic ETEM observation of Pt single atoms was achieved in 4.0 × 10(-2) Pa of air, using a modified AC-ETEM system and a high-speed CCD camera with a time resolution of 0.05 s.
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