Abstract:In this review, the existing literature data on the phytochemical and biological studies of the genus Indigofera are outlined with 71 references. Up till now, 65 compounds were secluded from various species of genus Indigofera. The chemical components are mostly terpenoids, flavonoids and nitro group containing compounds, together with steroids and others. The metabolites and crude extracts of the genus indigofera were found to exhibit various bioactivities including, antimicrobial, insecticidal, phytotoxic, antiulcergenic, hepatotoxic, teratogenic and cytotoxicity. Other constituents isolated from the genus Indigofera displayed inhibitory activity against the enzyme lipoxygenase and gastrointestinal activity. This review represents a brief description of the total Phytochemical and Pharmacological activities of genus Indigofera as well as chemotaxonomic classification of chemical constituents.

The clinical outcomes of patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) range from acute resolving hepatitis to chronic liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Identification of the infecting virus genotype is indispensable for the exploration of many aspects of HCV infection, including epidemiology, pathogenesis, and response to antiviral therapy. 1419 individuals were screened for anti-HCV in this study, of which 166 (11.7%) were found reactive by ICT (Immunochromatographic test). These 166 anti-HCV positive and 26 normal individuals were further analyzed. RNA was extracted from serum and reverse-transcribed to cDNA and the core region of HCV genome was targeted and amplified by multiplex PCR. HCV RNA was detected in 121 individuals, of which 87 were male and 34 were female. Genotype 3a was the most prevalent among all the genotypes observed followed by 3b. Genotypes 1a, 2a, and 2b were found in 10.89%, 13.22%, and 6.61% patients, respectively. 25.41% of the HCV RNA positive samples were not typed. 6.05% of patients were found having mixed genotypes. These findings will not only help the physicians to prescribe more appropriate treatment for the HCV infection but will also draw the attention of health-related policy makers to devise strategies to curb the disease more effectively.

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Nanoparticles plays a key role in the development of novel antibacterial substances against various pathogenic microorganisms. These nanoparticles due to their smaller size could be very effective as they can improve the antibacterial activity through lysis of bacterial cell wall. In the present research work, ZnO, MgO, NiO, AlO nanoparticles, and Mg NiO, and Al ZnO composite oxides were synthesized by green method from Ocimum basilicum leaves extract. The nanoparticles formed were evaluated using FTIR, XRD, EDX, and SEM to confirm the formation of NPs and to determine the morphology, elemental composition, shape and size, composition, and nature of bonds present in the NPs. Further, the NPs were tested for their antibacterial activity. In particular, ZnO NPs showed a good inhibitory effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with 20 mm zone of inhibition. Hence, the process reported herein could be optimized for large-scale preparation of NPs. Research Highlights• Green synthesis of ZnO, MgO, NiO, AlO nanoparticles, and Mg NiO, and Al ZnO composite oxides using Ocimum basilicum leaves extract • NPs were characterized by various established characterization techniques like FTIR, XRD, EDX, and SEM.• NPs showed antibacterial activity which was investigated by agar well diffusion method against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus.• The method proved to be very simple, cost-efficient, and convenient.

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