ABSTRACT. Due to high temperatures in arid regions, cotton crop emergence and early establishment of seedlings are adversely affected. Field studies were undertaken to quantify the effects of transplantation of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings during the early part of the growing season (March) and crop season (May) for potential realization of cotton productivity under the harsh weather of the southern part of Punjab province, Pakistan. Treatments, consisting of (a) two planting dates (March and May), and (b) two sowing methods (transplanting of seedlings and direct seeding), were arranged in a randomized complete-block design with four replications. Results showed that transplanting seedlings improved the productivity of cotton by 14.2% over direct seeding. Productivity was also increased substantially (34.8%) by planting during March over May sowing. The practice of planting cotton by transplanting seedlings and early sowing could be successfully adapted in areas where high temperatures coincide with the May planting and peak blooming periods in different cotton growing areas.Keywords: heat stress; irrigated arid environment; planting techniques; planting time.Aumento da produtividade do algodão por meio de transplante de mudas e semeadura precoce RESUMO. Altas temperaturas, em torno de 48ºC, prevalecem durante os meses de maio na parte do sul da província de Punjab, no Paquistão. A esta temperatura a emergência da colheita de algodão e o estabelecimento precoce da plântula são adversamente afetados. Estudos de campo foram realizados para quantificar os efeitos do transplante de mudas de algodão (Gossypium hirsutum L.) durante a primeira parte da estação de crescimento (março) e da safra (maio) para a realização potencial da produtividade do algodão sob condições adversas da parte sul do Punjab Província-Paquistão. Os tratamentos, consistindo em (a) duas datas de plantio (março e maio), e (b) dois métodos de semeadura (transplante de mudas e semeadura direta), foram dispostos em delineamento em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Os resultados mostraram que o transplante de mudas melhorou a produtividade do algodão em 14,2% em relação à semeadura direta. A produtividade também aumentou substancialmente (34,8%) com o plantio em março sobre a semeadura de maio. A prática de plantio de algodão por transplante de mudas e sua semeadura precoce poderia ser adaptada com sucesso, onde a alta temperatura coincide com o tempo de plantio durante o mês de maio e períodos de florescimento máximo em diferentes áreas de cultivo de algodão.Palavras-chave: estresse por calor; ambiente árido irrigado; técnicas de plantio; tempo de plantio.
The Bt-cotton RH-647 was developed by Cotton Research Institute CRI, Khanpur has been acknowledged for its possesses superior plant characteristics and potential to yield out under harsh agro-climatic conditions of cotton productive district of Rahimyar Khan in Bahawalpur Division and southern Punjab in 2016. RH- 647 for its novel plant structure and improved fiber quality heat and drought tolerant to withstand successfully sustain yield out in harsh, highly variable hot and dry climatic conditions of and harsh seasoned. RH-647 was developed through one-way hybridization of elite parental genotypes accompanied by pedigree selection method through gene pyramiding technique for incorporation of excellent combinations of fiber traits and CLCuV disease tolerance with higher yield potential right from F1 population. The superior plant combinations were selected in F2-F6 generations were entirely based on phenotypic plant traits and progeny yield potential in field, plant shape, number of bolls per plant, average boll weight (g) and fiber quality traits over standard varieties. The single plant progenies were selected 56 sister lines were tested for Bt-gene (Cry1 Ac) were evaluated for high yielding performance for this superior cross and finally RH-647 as superior breeding line was bulked in year 2010. The strain was evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design in preliminary yield trials (PYT) and two years in Advance Yield Trials (AYT) trials and Zonal Varietal trials for two years. The superior line 647/10 was ensued for performance in variety attestation tests as RH-647. RH-647 performed best in two years varietal trials (NCVT and PCCT and DUS) conducted for two successive growing seasons (2014–2015 and 2015–2016). RH-647 yielded out significantly compared with standard varieties MNH-886, FH-142 and CIM 602. After completion of mandatory trials in year 2016, RH-647 was approved as new Bt. cotton variety “RH-647”. RH-647 is early in maturity with high yield potential and best suited for wheat-cotton cropping pattern. It has fluffy opening and is easy to pick, strongly tolerant to CLCuV disease, high Ginning out turn GOT% (40.2%) with improved fiber traits; staple length (28.3 mm), fiber strength (4.2ug/inch) is duly capable to fulfill all industrial requisitions.
Cotton variety: RH-668, produced by Cotton Research Institute, Khanpur, holds excessive tolerance against dry climatic stipulations and maintains superior fiber personae.Parental combination;VH-259 × RH-620 was used in hybridization followed by Pedigree method of selection to extract uniform genotypes with superior phenotypes. These superior plantswere then tested for yield under drought stress at station level before competing atseries of adaptability trials in Punjab followed by provincialand national coordinated varietal trials in the course of 2013-2018. Due to governance incorporated by tolerance against heat & drought it outperformed others at various climatic conditions countrywide for yield and fiber linked characters in opposition to the Standards varieties FH-142 &CIM-602. In Provincial (PCCT) and National level(NCVT) it gave 29.0% & 8.8%, respectively more yield when compared to check variety; FH-142. Hence, Accredited by seed Council, Punjab in 2018 for generic cultivation with 39.4 Ginning outturn percentage, 4.5 micronaire value, staple length of 28.78 (mm) and seed-cotton yield prospectiveper acre ofsixty twomounds.Due to fruiting from lower nodes; erect root development, Brittle leaf surface, lesser shedding of fruiting structures and protracted sympods with bead like bolls arrangement, it deliberately tolerates heat stress.
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