PCR is indispensable in basic science and biotechnology for in-orbit life science research. However, manpower and resources are limited in space. To address the constraints of in-orbit PCR, we proposed an oscillatory-flow PCR technique based on biaxial centrifugation. Oscillatory-flow PCR remarkably reduces the power requirements of the PCR process and has a relatively high ramp rate. A microfluidic chip that could perform dispensing, volume correction, and oscillatory-flow PCR of four samples simultaneously using biaxial centrifugation was designed. An automatic biaxial centrifugation device was designed and assembled to validate the biaxial centrifugation oscillatory-flow PCR. Simulation analysis and experimental tests indicated that the device could perform fully automated PCR amplification of four samples in one hour, with a ramp rate of 4.4 ∘C/s and average power consumption of less than 30 W. The PCR results were consistent with those obtained using conventional PCR equipment. Air bubbles generated during amplification were removed by oscillation. The chip and device realized a low-power, miniaturized, and fast PCR method under microgravity conditions, indicating good space application prospects and potential for higher throughput and extension to qPCR.
The spinal cord stimulator (SCS) is a highly effective technology for treating neurological illnesses. It is mainly composed of a pulse generator and electrode. The electrode selection is crucial because it ensures not only the proper transmission of stimulation but also the safety of the human body. This paper primarily introduces the current market electrodes, their benefits, drawbacks, and future development directions, as well as potential difficulties and biocompatibility. This paper intends to provide readers with a more thorough understanding of SCS electrodes and their problems, so that they may make more informed decisions about SCS electrode development in the future.
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