Right from the early days, polymer materials have been discovered as being beneficial for various applications but a poor understanding of these materials greatly handicapped their usage. However, with a change in this trend, polymer materials have gradually displaced other materials in most applications. In recent times, due to improved research and knowledge, polymer-based materials are the first choice materials for several applications and are now replacing other materials rapidly. More advanced materials from polymers are being developed daily as a substitute for other materials even in areas where polymers are considered not to be suitable in the time past. More recently, polymers have replaced metals and ceramics in applications like constructions, aerospace, automobiles, and medical. It is no doubt that this trend will continue due to the inherent properties of polymers and sustainability potential. Today, most of the limitations of polymers are being taken care of in the formulation of composite materials. Besides, the adaptation to positive environmental influence is being handled by scientists and researchers. Hence, this review reveals core areas of application of polymer-based composites and the significance of these materials to the advancement of humanity.
Research has been the tool for recycling existing scientific ideas to promote improved concepts for the development of new materials. All technological innovations have links with the ancient philosophies that are being adapted progressively. Given this, composite material development remains one of the most excellent methods to influence the environment to meet human needs. Various studies have shown that polymer-based composites have emerged as the leading group of composites that are fast displacing all other materials in several applications due to their inherent properties. Polymer-based composites can be entirely synthetic, completely natural, or a mixture of synthetic and natural-based. However, a recent desire for eco-friendly materials has shifted attention from complete synthetic-based materials to natural fibers, whether in a partial or total replacement. Thus, this review provides an overview of research trends from synthetic to natural based polymer composites. The article also highlights the different intrinsic classifications of composites, their development, areas of applications, and their projection into the future in line with considerations for environment and applications.
This work investigates the influence of kaolin and dolomite on the properties of polyurethane foam. The selected fillers were pulverized and sieved to obtained < 90 μm that were used as reinforcements in the polyurethane matrix in a randomly dispersed mode. The matrix constituents were mixed in the same ratio while fillers were introduced via a one-shot system approach in predetermined proportions of 3–7 wt.%. The work was carried out to identify optimum fillers to be utilized in the production of polyurethane rigid foams given the effect of the fillers on the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of the foam. FTIR, XRF, and SEM and mechanical property tests were carried out on the filled polyurethane foam. The presence of the fillers in the foam showed a rupture in the structure of the foams with the cells having similar arrangements. The addition of dolomite and Kaolin degrades the sulfonic acid groups and promoted the appearance of Si–O stretching vibration band. The density, hardness, flexural and compressive strengths of the polyurethane foam were enhanced with the the addition of dolomite and kaolin particles.
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