Mycobacterium bovis is a bacterium belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex that causes tuberculosis in cattle and in other domestic and wild animals, as well as in humans. Disease control measures are carried out by slaughtering animals tested positive in the intradermal tuberculinization test and sanitation of their original living spaces, in addition to epidemiological surveillance carried out through the sanitary inspection of bovine carcasses in slaughterhouses. In the latter, official inspection services collect samples from macroscopic lesions suspected of bovine tuberculosis, which are then sent for laboratory analysis. Knowledge concerning the variables associated with the occurrence of M. bovis can aid in decision-making regarding control and disease eradication efforts. In this context, the aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for a positive M. bovis diagnosis in suspected bovine tuberculosis lesions obtained during epidemiological surveillance activities in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. A total of 105 suspicious lesions were analyzed using the Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (nested q-PCR) method, of which 14 (13.33%) tested positive for M. bovis. Univariate and bivariate statistical analyses indicated that the variable “animal slaughter” was the only risk factor presenting statistical significance associated with the diagnosis of M. bovis (p < 0.05), demonstrating that macroscopic lesions suspected as being caused by bovine tuberculosis from animals with an in vivo diagnosis were 2.82 - fold more likely to result in a positive M. bovis diagnosis by molecular tests.

buscando assim a descoberta de novos fármacos que possam produzir efeitos semelhantes ou até mais efetivos quando comparados aos fármacos convencionais. A Copaifera spp. (copaíba) é uma planta da flora brasileira muito utilizada na medicina popular para dores e infecções pulmonares e urinárias. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o óleo de copaíba, no que se refere ao seu uso como fitoterápico, para tratamento e prevenção de patologias, além de discutir a importância das atividades farmacológicas da Copaifera spp., avaliando seu uso e eficácia. O óleo resina de Copaifera spp., obtido através de pequenos cortes na casca do seu caule, apresenta compostos químicos triterpênicos com diversas atividades farmacológicas, entre as quais as ações anti-inflamatória, cicatrizante, antimicrobiana, antiparasitária e larvicida frente a larvas de Aedes aegypti e Anopheles darlingi. A ação antiparasitária foi observada frente a Trypanosoma cruzi, Schistosoma mansoni e contra formas amastigotas de Leishmania amazonensis. Com base nisso, o óleo de resina de copaíba pode ser um potente candidato na concepção de produtos farmacêuticos para o tratamento de diversas doenças negligenciadas.   Palavras-chave: Copaibeira. Anti-inflamatório. Antimicrobiano. Cicatrizante. Antiprotozoário.   Abstract There is a currently growing interest of the scientific community in the use of medicinal plants, leading to the discovery of new substances which produce similar or better effect than conventionally used drugs. Copaifera spp. (Copaíba) is a  Brazilian flora plant which is widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of pain, as well as for  pulmonary and urinary infections,. This study aimed to carry out a literature review concerning the use of Copaíba oil, specifically concerning its  use in phytotherapy for the treatment and prevention of illnesses, in addition to discussing the importance of its  pharmacological properties by evaluating its  uses and efficacy. The resin oil of Copaifera spp., obtained through small cuts in the stem bark, contains triterpenes with various pharmacological properties, among which are anti-inflammatory action, wound healing, anti-parasitic and larvicide towards the larvae of Aedes aegypti and Anopheles darlingi. Anti-parasitic effect was observed against Trypanosoma cruzi, Schistosoma mansoni and against amastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis. Thus, the resin oil of Copaíba may be a potent candidate for the development of pharmaceutical products for the treatment of various neglected diseases.   Keywords: Copaíba Tree. Anti-inflammatory. Antimicrobial. Wound Healing. Antiprotozoal.

Spore forming bacteria can play an important role in food quality and safety as spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms due to resistance to heat-treatment. However, there are limited number of studies focused on evaluate the microbiological quality and the occurrence of these bacteria in UHT goat milk, soymilk and dairy beverage of goat milk and soy protein. On this context, 75 samples of these beverages were evaluated regarding heterotrophic mesophilic microorganisms by conventional plate count and selective methods to detect microorganisms from Bacillus cereus group and Clostridium perfringens. Population counts greater than 10 4 CFU.ml-1 of heterotrophic mesophilic microorganisms were observed in 80% of the lots of goat milk and 100% of the lots of soymilk and dairy beverage of goat milk and soy protein. The presence of bacteria belonging to B. cereus group was observed in 16%, 52% and 44% of goat milk, soymilk and dairy beverage of goat milk and soy protein, respectively. C. perfringens was isolated from 8% samples of UHT soymilk. The frequency of genes hblA, hblB, hblC, nheA, nheB, nheC in 29 isolates obtained from these products was 62%, 48.2%, 96.5%, 79.3%, 68.9% and 79.3%, respectively. The microbiological quality of the evaluated products was unsatisfactory.

A carne bovina moída é um alimento altamente perecível e requer métodos de conservação e manipulação adequados. É comercializada em açougues, supermercados e mercearias e possui recomendações higiênico-sanitárias preconizadas por uma legislação. A Instrução Normativa Nº 83, de 21 de novembro de 2003, do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, entende por carne moída o produto cárneo obtido a partir da moagem de massas musculares de carcaças de bovinos, seguido de imediato resfriamento ou congelamento. Para realização do presente trabalho foram utilizadas 20 amostras de carne moída à granel refrigeradas e provenientes de estabelecimentos comerciais no município de Sinop-MT, as quais foram submetidas às análises microbiológicas. As condições higiênico-sanitárias foram verificadas através da presença de Salmonella sp. e Escherichia coli, contagem de microrganismos aeróbios mesófilos e determinação do número de coliformes totais e termotolerantes. A presença de Salmonella spp. foi verificada em 55% e E. coli em 60% das amostras. A contagem de microrganismos aeróbios mesófilos variaram de 2,6x10 2 a 1,9x10 6 UFC/g. Os valores da determinação de coliformes totais variaram de <3 a >2.400 NMP/g, enquanto que para termotolerantes variaram de 3 a >2.400 NMP/g. Estes resultados são importantes, pois 55% das amostras de carne moída pesquisadas apresentaram-se em desacordo com o estabelecido na Resolução RDC n°12 (Ministério da Saúde) para carne in natura. Não há na legislação um padrão para coliformes totais e termotolerantes, E. coli e micro-organismos aeróbios mesófilos, porém são importantes, pois são indicadores de más condições higiênico-sanitárias, e alguns capazes de causarem doenças transmitidas por alimentos.

Mycobacterium bovis is a bacterium belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex that causes tuberculosis in cattle and in other domestic and wild animals, as well as in humans. Disease control measures are carried out by slaughtering animals tested positive in the intradermal tuberculinization test and sanitation of their original living spaces, in addition to epidemiological surveillance carried out through the sanitary inspection of bovine carcasses in slaughterhouses. In the latter, official inspection services collect samples from macroscopic lesions suspected of bovine tuberculosis, which are then sent for laboratory analysis. Knowledge concerning the variables associated with the occurrence of M. bovis can aid in decision-making regarding control and disease eradication efforts. In this context, the aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for a positive M. bovis diagnosis in suspected bovine tuberculosis lesions obtained during epidemiological surveillance activities in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. A total of 105 suspicious lesions were analyzed using the Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (nested q-PCR) method, of which 14 (13.33%) tested positive for M. bovis. Univariate and bivariate statistical analyses indicated that the variable “animal slaughter” was the only risk factor presenting statistical significance associated with the diagnosis of M. bovis (p < 0.05), demonstrating that macroscopic lesions suspected as being caused by bovine tuberculosis from animals with an in vivo diagnosis were 2.82 - fold more likely to result in a positive M. bovis diagnosis by molecular tests.

The species Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis (M. tuberculosis var. bovis) is associated with tuberculosis, mainly in cattle and buffaloes. This pathogen has the potential to infect other mammals, including humans. Tuberculosis caused by M. tuberculosis var. bovis is a zoonosis clinically identical to tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the recommended treatment in humans results in the use of antibiotics. In this study, we used the whole genome sequencing (WGS) methodology Illumina NovaSeq 6000 System platform to characterize the genome of M. tuberculosis var. bovis in cattle circulating in Mato Grosso, identify mutations related to drug resistance genes, compare with other strains of M. tuberculosis var. bovis brazilian and assess potential drug resistance. Four isolates of M. tuberculosis var. bovis of cattle origin representing the main livestock circuits, which had been more prevalent in previous studies in the state of Mato Grosso, were selected for the genomic study. The genome sizes of the sequenced strains ranged from 4,306,423 to 4,332,964 bp, and the GC content was 65.6%. The four strains from Mato Grosso presented resistance genes to pncA (pyrazinamide), characterized as drug-resistant strains. In addition to verifying several point mutations in the pncA, rpsA, rpsL, gid, rpoB, katG, gyrB, gyrA, tlyA, embA, embB, embC, fgd, fbiB, and fbiC genes, these genes were similar to antibiotic resistance in more than 92% of the Brazilian strains. Therefore, our results indicated a high genetic diversity between our isolates and other M. tuberculosis var. bovis isolated in Brazil. Thus, multiple transmission routes of this pathogen may be present in the production chain. So, to achieve a bovine tuberculosis-free health status, the use of the WGS as a control and monitoring tool will be crucial to determine these transmission routes.

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis, a species belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) group. Direct bTB diagnosis from suggestive lesions can be performed by nested q-PCR targeting the Rv2807 gene present in the MTC group, as well as the TbD1 gene, present in M. bovis. In this context, the aim of the present study was to assess the importance of considering positive MTC results for the Rv2807 target gene obtained through the nested real time polymerase chain reaction (nested q-PCR) applied to samples obtained directly from suspected bTB lesions. A total of 174 samples of suggestive bTB caseous lesions were obtained during cattle slaughter in slaughterhouses in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. DNA was extracted from the lesions and nested q-PCR was performed to detect both MTC and M. bovis. Both samples positive for the Rv2807 (41/174) and TbD1 (29/174) were submitted to bacterial culturing (23/41), and the DNA of the isolates (23) was extracted and submitted again to nested q-PCR. The Rv2807 gene (MTC) was previously amplified by nested q-PCR directly from the lesions, although the TbD1 gene specific for M. bovis was not amplified previously in four of the successfully isolated samples (4/23), only following isolation, and only the Rv2807 gene was amplified before and after isolation. In conclusion, the target gene Rv2807(MTC) exhibited higher positivity in the analyzed samples compared to the TbD1 gene (M. bovis).

Anais do II Simpósio de Qualidade de Leite -SQL -(2014 -Jaboticabal -SP).