Pollutants’ degradation has been a very important topic in environmental research. The present paper presents an approach to degrade atrazine, an environmentally harmful pesticide. Ti/TiO2 nanotube electrodes modified by porphyrins were prepared for photolysis (PH), photocatalysis (PC), and photoelectrocatalysis (PEC). Manganese- and free base porphyrin were studied, and it was possible to verify the kinetic model more suitable for each system. Unfortunately, Mn-porphyrins had an inhibitory effect on the ATZ degradation activity by Ti/TiO2 nanotubes electrodes. Although the Ti/TiO2-free base porphyrin under the PEC experiment (using surface water from a Brazilian river) did not lead to the best degradation system, we could verify the formed products, which have been not described for other porphyrin-mediated atrazine degradation, are equal or more toxic than the original atrazine. We highlight the importance of verifying the products formed in the degradation systems and determining their toxicities.
Neste estudo, hidrocarvão foi sintetizado a partir da casca do fruto da bocaiuva e aplicado na remoção de diuron de água contaminada por meio do processo de adsorção. A influência do pH inicial da solução, concentração do hidrocarvão, tempo de contato e temperatura no processo de adsorção foram avaliados. O modelo cinético de pseudossegunda ordem e o modelo de isoterma de Langmuir forneceram os melhores ajustes aos dados de adsorção. A capacidade máxima de adsorção foi estimada em 10,06 mg g-1, em pH 4,0 e 30 °C. A energia de ativação calculada pelo modelo de isoterma de Dubinin-Radushkevich foi de 7,805 kJ mol-1, indicando que um processo físico é responsável pela adsorção do diuron no hidrocarvão. Os parâmetros termodinâmicos (ΔH < 0 e ΔG > 0) sugeriram que o processo de adsorção é exotérmico e não espontâneo. Os resultados indicaram que o hidrocarvão derivado da casca do fruto da bocaiuva pode ser um adsorvente alternativo para a remoção de diuron de água. Palavras-chave: adsorção; cinética; modelos de isotermas; estudo termodinâmico. Hydrochar synthesis using bocaiuva fruit peel and its application in diuron removal from contaminated water ABSTRACT: In this study, hydrochar was synthesized using bocaiuva fruit peel for application in diuron removal from contaminated water through adsorption. The influence of the initial pH of the solution, hydrochar concentration, contact time, and temperature on the adsorption process were evaluated. The pseudo-second order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model provided the best fits to the adsorption data. The maximum adsorption capacity was estimated at 10.06 mg g-1, at pH 4.0 and 30 °C. The activation energy calculated by the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm model was 7.805 kJ mol-1, indicating that a physical process is responsible for the adsorption of diuron on hydrochar. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔH < 0 and ΔG > 0) suggested that the adsorption process is exothermic and not spontaneous. The results indicated that hydrochar could be an alternative adsorbent for removing diuron from water. Keywords: adsorption; kinetic; isotherms models; thermodynamic studies.
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