A proportional-integral (PI) controller is designed for thyristor-controlled series compensators (TCSCs) to improve the damping for power system oscillations. To maintain a good damping characteristic over a wide range of operating conditions, the gains of the PI controller are adapted in real time, based on online measured transmission line loadings (real and reactive power flows). To speed up the online gain adaptation process, an artificial neural network whch is capable of performing complicated computations in a parallel, distributed manner is designed. A major feature of the proposed adaptive PI controller is that only physically measurable variables (real and reactive power flows over the transmission line) are employed as inputs to the adaptive controller. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive TCSC controller, computer simulations are performed on a power system under disturbance conditions. It is concluded from the simulation results that the proposed adaptive TCSC controller can yield satisfactory dynamic responses over a wide range of operating conditions. Low-frequency oscillations in the frequency range 0.3-2Hz have been effectively damped by the proposed compensators.
The values of Distributed Generator (DG) are very dependent on its type, size and location as it was installed in distribution feeders. In order to enhance the reliability and obtain the benefits for DG placement, a strategic DG placement method is proposed in this paper. The proposed method tries to find the best balance between the costs and benefits of DG placement. The main aim is to find the optimal types of DG and their corresponding locations and sizes in distribution feeders. Test results have shown that with proper types, sizes and installation site selection, DG can be used to improve service reliability, reduce the customer interruption costs and save the power cost. The most important is that the electric utilities can often obtain the maximal economical benefits .
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