A novel, high-efficiency, and cost-effective
series of sulfonated
poly(phthalazinone ether ketone)/sulfonated titanium dioxide@toluene
diisocyanate@ethylenediamine (SO3H−TiO2@TDI@EN-SO3H) nanocomposite membranes is designed to enhance
the proton conductivity and methanol barrier of the proton exchange
membrane (PEM). The nanocomposite membranes were prepared via a facile
one-step process of the solution casting method. The presence of organic–inorganic
SO3H–TiO2@TDI@EN-SO3H nanoparticles
improved the performance of the nanocomposite membranes in terms of
mechanical stability, proton conductivity, methanol permeability,
and selectivity. We used toluene diisocyanate (TDI) as a linker to
exploit the properties of sulfonated TiO2 and sulfonated
ethylenediamine (EN-SO3H) nanoparticles. These nanoparticles
act as Lewis and Brønsted acids simultaneously because of the
presence of sulfonamide, TiO2, and SO3H groups,
which increase the kinetics of the reaction between the membrane and
electrode, improving the performance of the direct methanol fuel cell
(DMFC). The DMFC, which is assembled using the nanocomposite membrane
with 5 wt % SO3H–TiO2@TDI@EN-SO3H nanoparticle (MSN5) membrane, exhibited a maximum power
density of 59.22 mW cm–2 during testing because
of high proton conductivity and low methanol permeability. The MSN5 membrane is a promising PEM for DMFCs.
n-Butylsulfonated nano-titania (n-TiO 2 -NH-(CH 2 ) 4 -SO 3 H) as a highly efficient and reusable nanocatalyst was prepared by grafting 2,4-toluene diisocyanate as a bi-functional covalent linker onto a nano-titania support, followed by reduction and then ring opening-reaction of the synthesized amine with 1,4-butanesultone. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterize the catalyst. The catalytic activity of n-TiO 2 -NH-(CH 2 ) 4 -SO 3 H was evaluated in the synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans, which affords high yields. Statistical experimental design was applied as an efficient and powerful method to achieve the optimal conditions for this catalytic reaction leading to high yield. Moreover, the catalyst was recovered and reused at least six times without a significant decrease in catalytic activity.
Amine-functionalized titania as a novel inorganic-organic hybrid heterogeneous basic nanocatalyst has been synthesized by the covalent grafting of toluene diisocyanate as a precursor of amine on the surface of titania. The prepared nanocatalyst was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. The catalytic activity of resultant nanocatalyst was effectively evaluated for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydopyrimidin-2(1H)-ones through a one-pot three components condensation reaction of various aldehydes, b-dicarbonyl compounds and urea (or thiourea) at 100°C under solvent-free conditions with good to excellent yields. Optimization of the reaction condition was investigated by central composite design under response surface methodology. The catalyst can be recovered easily by simple filtration and reused for eight consecutive runs without significant decrease of its catalytic efficiency.
This paper describes the novel method of Ag deposition on the surface of TiO 2 , additionally investigates the photocatalytic properties of the new photocatalyst in the oxidation of benzyl alcohol under visible-light as well as sunlight. Silver nanoparticles were deposited on surface of titanium dioxide through the Tollens test method. Ag(0) has been prepared in situ by reduction of [Ag (NH 3 ) 2 ] + by glucose as a moderate and green reducing agent for the first time. The properties of n-TiO 2 -P25/Ag were investigated through X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), BET analysis, UV-visible/DRS techniques, and photoluminescence (PL) analysis.
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