We have investigated the low temperature quadrupolar phenomena of the non-Kramers system PrRh 2 Zn 20 under magnetic fields in the [100] and [110] directions. Our experiments reveal the B-T phase diagram of PrRh 2 Zn 20 involving four electronic states regardless of the field direction, namely, a non-Fermi liquid (NFL) state, an antiferro-quadrupolar (AFQ) ordered state, a novel heavy-fermion (HF) state, and a field-induced singlet (FIS) state. In the wide range of the NFL state, the resistivity can be well scaled by a characteristic temperature, suggesting the realization of the quadrupole Kondo effect. The HF state exhibits a Fermi liquid behavior with a large A coefficient of the T 2 term in the resistivity, suggesting the formation of nontrivial heavy quasi-particles. The FIS state results from the considerable splitting of a non-Kramers doublet by a magnetic field. The phase diagram shows a large anisotropy with respect to the field direction. It is found that the anisotropy of the phase diagram can be explained in terms of that of the energy splitting of the non-Kramers doublet by a magnetic field. This indicates that the low temperature properties of PrRh 2 Zn 20 are governed by the non-Kramers doublet, namely, quadrupole degrees of freedom. Since a similar phase diagram has been obtained for the related compound PrIr 2 Zn 20 , it is expected that the B-T phase diagram constructed in this work is universal throughout non-Kramers systems.arXiv:1702.07686v1 [cond-mat.str-el]
The crystal shapes of 4 He falling in superfluid were investigated using a high speed video camera. As they fell, the upper surface of the crystal became rough and the lower surface became faceted as a result of being subjected to an upward superflow which induced melting of the upper surface and crystallization of the lower surface. When it landed on the bottom, a pulse-like wave was observed to travel around the surface from the impact point before it transformed itself quickly to adjust to a new boundary condition. The behavior of a crystal when it passed by a small needle during its fall was also observed. The rim of the facet was pulled by the needle and protruded. The origin of this extended deformation is not understood at present, but the superflow around the crystal was possibly the origin of the interaction between the crystal and the needle.S Online supplementary data available from stacks.iop.org/njp/16/113022/ mmedia
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