Designing efficient metal nitride electrocatalysts with advantageous nanostructures toward overall water splitting is of great significance for energy conversion. In this work, holey cobalt−iron nitride nanosheet arrays grown on Ni foam substrate (CoFeN x HNAs/NF) are prepared via a facile hydrothermal and subsequent thermal nitridation method. This unique HNA architecture can not only expose abundant active sites but also facilitate the charge/mass transfer. Resulting from these merits, the CoFeN x HNAs/NF exhibits high catalytic performance with overpotentials of 200 and 260 mV at 10 mA cm −2 for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and 50 mA cm −2 for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), respectively. Furthermore, when using CoFeN x -500 HNAs/NF as both anode and cathode, the alkaline electrolyzer could afford a current density of 10 mA cm −2 at 1.592 V, higher than many other metal nitride-based electrocatalysts. This work signifies a simple approach to prepare holey metal nitride nanosheet arrays, which can be applied in various fields of energy conversion and storage.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), including herbal and folk medicine have been widely applied in healthcare field for a very long time. Based on the principle of kinetics, pharmacokinetics of TCM was developed to investigate the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of active ingredients/components, single or mixed formulations, as well as the relationship between concentration and efficacy presented. Due to the complexity of TCM and its preparation, selection of molecules as markers for detection has become very difficult. So far, in which way or what indicators can be chosen for representing the pharmacodynamic action of single TCM or mixed is still controversial. Currently, a widely accepted approach is that the action of mixed preparation can be correlated by detecting pharmacokinetic behavior of one or several known active ingredients. According to the complexity of TCM, we presented a new concept of pharmacokinetic (PK) marker. The PK Marker should possess three conditions: (1) PK marker must be associated with efficacy, (2) PK marker exists in biological sample and can be determined by analytic method, and (3) PK marker should reflect the relationship between concentration and time. In TCM, four elements, "king-minister-assistant-guide", are the basic prescription principles for the individual therapy in TCM. We presented an idea of Point-line-area-cubic for four elements of TCM to study herb-herb interactions.

No abstract

No abstract

An electrochemical chiral sensing platform based on the complex of multi-substituted ferrocene-cuprous ion (Cu+) is constructed for the discrimination of electroactive amino acids (AA) isomers. Due to the opposite configurations...