Percutaneous treatment of giant hydatid cysts is effective because it eliminates both the mass effect and the parasite and alleviates the symptoms. Although the long catheterization time associated with the procedure is unfavorable, it is tolerated by the patients.
ObjectiveWe wanted to compare the clinical usefulness of conventional galactography and MR contrast galactography for diagnosing patients with nipple discharge.Materials and MethodsBoth conventional galactography and MR contrast galactography were performed prospectively in 16 patients. Gadopentate dimeglumine (0.1 ml) was mixed with non-ionic contrast medium (0.9 ml) to obtain a resultant volume of 1 ml and this was used for both examinations. Following conventional galactography, MR contrast galactography was performed after direct injection of contrast media into the duct.ResultsConventional galactography and MR contrast galactography were concordant in 13 (81%) of 16 patients; the results were normal in five, ductal dilatation was noted in four and intraductal filling defects were noted in four. The remaining three (19%) patients demonstrated discordant findings on the two examinations. While conventional galactography revealed filling defects, the MR contrast galactography results were normal in two patients. The third patient had kinks-stricture on conventional galactography and MR contrast galactography showed ductal dilatation. This suggested there were false positive results for the three patients' conventional galactography, and all the three patients with discordant results underwent surgery and the histopathologic evaluation showed fibrocystic changes.ConclusionMR contrast galactography may be used as an alternative imaging modality for making the diagnosis of pathologic nipple discharge. However, statistically supported studies with large pools of subjects for comparing the galactography and MR contrast galactography results are needed to confirm our findings.
A woman who had been operated on previously for a paraspinal hydatid cyst presented with claudication of the lower limbs. Computed tomographic and magnetic resonance images showed multiple cysts in the soft tissues of the back, retroperitoneum, and lumen of the aorta and iliac arteries. Occlusion of the aorta and iliac arteries by recurrent hydatid cysts after previous surgery was confirmed with angiography and subsequent surgical exploration. The authors present the imaging findings of this unusual manifestation of cystic echinococcosis.
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