In this work, all-optical plasmonic NOT logic gate was proposed using Insulator-Metal-Insulator (IMI) plasmonic waveguides Technology. The proposed all-optical NOT gate is simulated and realized using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3a software. Recently, plasmonic technology has attracted high attention due to its wide applications in all-optical signal processing. Due to its highly localization to metallic surfaces, surface plasmon (SP) may have huge applications in sub wavelength to guide the optical signal in the waveguides which results in overcoming the diffraction limit problem in conventional optics. The proposed IMI structure is consist of a dielectric waveguides plus metallic claddings, which guide the incident light strongly in the insulator region. Our design consists of symmetric nano-rings structures with two straight waveguides which based on IMI structure. The operation of all-optical NOT gate is realized by employing the constructive and destructive interface between the straight waveguides and the nano-rings structure waveguides. There are three ports in the proposed design, input, control and output ports. The activation of control port is always ON. By changing the structure dimensions, the materials, the phase of the applied optical signal to the input and control ports, the optical transmission at the output port is changed. In our proposed structure, the insulator dielectric material is glass and the metal material is silver. The calculated contrast ratio between (ON and OFF) output states is 3.16 (dB).
In this work, all-optical plasmonic NOT logic gate was proposed by using metal-insulator-metal (MIM) plasmonic waveguides design. This logic gate is numerically analyzed by COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3a. Recently, plasmonics have attracted more attention due to its huge applications in all optical signal processing. Due to it’s highly localization to metallic surfaces, surface plasmon (SP) may have many applications in sub wavelength to guide the optical signal in waveguides to overcome the diffraction limit which considered a big problem in conventional optics. The proposed design of MIM structure is consist of a dielectric waveguides plus metallic claddings, which guide the incident light strongly in the insulator region. Strong localization and relatively simple fabrication make the MIM waveguides the potential key design of Nano-scale all optical devices. Our design consists of symmetric ring structures with straight waveguides which based on MIM structure. All-optical logic gate (NOT gate) behavior is achieved from utilizing the interface between straight waveguides and ring structure waveguides. By switching the activation of the control port, the propagation of the outgoing field in the output waveguide will be changed. As the simulation results show, the proposed structure could operate as an all-optical NOT logic gate. This gate would be a potential component in many applications of all-optical signals processing.
This paper represents the efforts to achieve the laser cleaning process of low carbon steel alloys AISI1005 and AISI1012 with 0.65 mm and 1 mm thickness, respectively. The cleaning experiments were performed with a Q-switched Nd:YAG nanosecond laser at wavelengths of 1064 nm and 532 nm. The parameters that have been selected for the present work are peak power which varies as 5, 15, 30, 40, and 50 MW and pulse repetition rate which varies from 1 to 6 Hz by 1 Hz increment. Effects of these parameters on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the two alloys have been realized. Also predicted results of analytical model regarding the depth were compared with the experimental results which show a good agreement between both.
In line fiber Mach–Zehnder inferometer (MZI) pulse compression was designed three different lengths of single mode-polarization maintaining fiber with (8, 16, 24) cm after splicing them between two single mode fibers (SMF-28e) with (23 and 13) cm and applying different weights on splicing region and the cross sectional area of SM-PM fiber, the designed performance of the in line fiber compressor system was studies in terms of compressor factor. Two minima pulse compression factor were obtained, one is 1.13 with FWHM 251.584 pm, centered wavelength 1547.394 nm, 52 cm interferometer length and 5 g was applied on the micro-cavity splicing region, and the second is equal 1.10 with FWHM 259.730 pm, centered wavelength 1547.120 pm and, 68 cm interferometer length and 10 g was applied on the cross sectional area of the second PMFs, in the case of single and cascaded interferometers, respectively. The input of the all interferometers was pulsed laser source with peak power 1.2297 mW, 286 pm spatial FWHM, 10 ns temporal FWHM, 3 kHz repetition rate and centered at 1546.7 nm.
Array fiber Bragg grating (AFBGs) was produced using an advanced fabrication technique to write many fibers Bragg gratings (FBGs) in a single strand of optical fiber without any splicing points. AFBG was used to assign a unique signature code for each user in a multiple access technique such as spectral amplitude encoding, optical code division, and multiple access (SAE-OCDMA). A number of bits have been assigned to the signature code including zero bits or one bits. Thus, by using FBG, the zeros bits can be achieved. Then, Walsh Hadamard (WH) code represents one of the smart encoding techniques that can be implemented by AFBGs. In addition, AFBG was applied to isolate the accompanying wavelength of the multiplexed signal. Likewise, AFBG was used to implement wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). Therefore, SAE can be improved by using AFBG. As a result, the code words (1 0 1 0), (1 1 0 0) and (1 0 0 1) for users 1, 2 and 3, respectively, are assigned by using AFBGs. The proposed experimental results are presented using a super luminescent diode (SLD), coupler, AFBGs, optical circulator, and fiber Bragg grating analyzer (FBGA). The proposed simulation results are presented using commercial software OptiGrating version 4.2 and OptiSystemTM version 7.0 from Optiwave.
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