Antibiotic prescription is a common practice among dental practitioners. Unjustified antibiotic prescription is leading to antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this survey is to analyze the most commonly prescribed antibiotics, conditions in which antibiotics are being prescribed, either the dental surgeons prescribe the antibiotics in the conditions where they are not recommended and awareness of antibiotic resistance among the dental practitioners of Lahore. METHODOLOGY: The study aimed to identify the prevalence of unjustified prescription of antibiotics so we can take measures to teach dental students about this wrong and unjustified prescription in undergraduate studies. It was an observational crosssectional study. Among dental practitioners of Lahore, 380 were selected through a non-probability convenience sampling technique. Standardized; a previously validated questionnaire was used containing 18 questions, about the most commonly prescribed antibiotics, conditions where antibiotics are indicated, and antibiotic resistance. Data was coded in SPSS version 20. RESULTS: It showed the studied sample of dental practitioners tends towards the over-prescription of antibiotics. CONCLUSION: Dentists should prescribe antibiotics only according to the latest guidelines, where it is indicated. It should not be a first-line treatment modality.
Objective: To compare the outcome of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs versus muscle relaxant for the adult patients with temporomandibular dysfunction. Material and Methods: A total of 120 patients of TMD of both genders and aged 20 to 50 years were enrolled. Subjects in group A were given oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (ibuprofen 400mg) twice a day. Subject of group B were given one oral diazepam (5 mg) tablet daily. At baseline, pain score was assessed. Results: Comparison of mean post-treatment visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores in both study groups showed that mean post-treatment VAS pain score was significantly less in Group A in comparison to Group-B (2.15+1.12 vs. 3.20+1.04, p<0.001). Conclusion: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen) was found to have significantly better reduction in pain scores in comparison to muscle relaxant (diazepam) among adult patients with temporomandibular dysfunction. Keywords: Ibuprofen, diazepam, temporomandibular dysfunction.
Background: One of the most important prognostic factors of oral cancer is the stage at the time of diagnosis. Unfortunately, most of the patients present in the late stages (stage III and IV). Aim: To assess the role of socioeconomic status and literacy in the treatment delay in patients of oral cancer. By identifying their role, we can educate the general public and healthcare doctors to detect and treat oral cancer. Method: This was a prospective study conducted in the Mayo hospital, a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan, from June 2018 to June 2020. Results: Out of 120 patients, 84 (70%) were males and 36 (30%) were females. The age range was 14 to 85 years. One hundred and eight patients (90%) presented with the late stages (stage III and IV). These late-stage presenter patients belonged to the low socioeconomic status (88.88%) and 83.33% of them were illiterate (<high school education). Only twelve patients (10%) presented with the early stage at the time of diagnosis. Conclusion: Low socioeconomic and lack of education have a significant association with the late presentation of oral cancer patients in the Pakistani population. Keywords: squamous cell carcinoma, treatment delay, socioeconomic status
Objective: To assess the peripheral nerve injury incidence among patients suffering from oral and maxillofacial trauma. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad. Sample was of 187 patients, and data was collected using non- probability, Consecutive sampling technique. Results: The findings showed that the age range of 10% patients was between 10-20years, age range of 40% patients was between 21-30years, age range of 32% patients was between 31-40years, and age range of 18% patients was >40years. The mean value of age of total sample was 31.21 ± 7.01. Males were 86% and females were 14% of entire sample. Trigeminal nerve injury was found in 35% patients whereas facial nerve injury was found in 16% patients. Conclusion: The study concludes that the peripheral nerve injury incidence was 35% (trigeminal nerve injury) of oral trauma while in maxillofacial trauma (facial nerve injury) 16% in our setup. Keywords: peripheral nerve injury, trigeminal nerve injury, facial nerve injury
Objectives: To find the frequency and type of comorbid conditions in patients presenting with oral diseases. Study Design: Observational study. Setting: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University College of Dentistry, University of Lahore. Period: January 2018 to December 2019. Material & Methods: After approval from the ethical committee, all cases presenting with oral diseases to the oral and maxillofacial surgery department were recruited consecutively. A thorough history and relevant examinations were made. All the previous records of the patient, including laboratory tests and the medical summary, were reviewed for the existence of any comorbid conditions. The data was entered on the spreadsheet. Descriptive statistics were used. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for comorbid conditions. Results: This study included 17155 patients who visited the oral and maxillofacial surgery department for procedures related to oral surgery. Others patients presenting to other departments of dentistry were excluded. Out of these, 4056 patients (24%) had comorbid conditions. Among these patients, 77% had single comorbid condition and 23% had multiple systemic disease. The most common comorbid condition was hypertension (77%), followed by diabetes (33%) and hepatitis (11%). Conclusion: A high prevalence of comorbidities was found in our study. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hepatitis C were the common comorbidities. In addition, a significant number of patients had multiple comorbidities.
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