The present study
demonstrates the hydrothermal synthesis of SnO2 quantum
dots (QDs) doped with different concentrations (2,
4 wt %) of magnesium (Mg) and a fixed amount of chitosan (CS). The
obtained samples were investigated through a number of characterizations
for optical analysis, elemental composition, crystal structure, functional
group presence, interlayer spacing, and surface morphology. The XRD
spectrum revealed the tetragonal structure of SnO2 with
no significant variations occurring upon the addition of CS and Mg.
The crystallite size of QDs was reduced by incorporation of dopants.
The optical absorption spectra revealed a red shift, assigned to the
reduction of the band gap energy upon doping. TEM analysis proved
that the few nanorod-like structures of CS overlapped with SnO2 QDs, and agglomeration was observed upon Mg doping. The incorporation
of dopants little enhanced the d-spacing of SnO2 QDs. Moreover, the synthesized nanocatalyst was utilized
to calculate the degradation percentage of methylene blue (MB) dye.
Afterward, a comparative analysis of catalytic activity, photocatalytic
activity, and sonophotocatalytic activity was carried out. Notably,
4% Mg/CS-doped QDs showed maximum sonophotocatalytic degradation of
MB in basic medium compared to other activities. Lastly, the prepared
nanocatalyst was found to be efficient for dye degradation in any
environment and inexpensive.
In this research, various concentrations of molybdenum (2, 4 and 6 wt%) doped Fe3O4 nanostructures (Mo-Fe3O4 NSs) were prepared via a co-precipitation technique.
This study examined the catalytic and bactericidal properties
of
polymer-doped copper oxide (CuO). For this purpose, a facile co-precipitation
method was used to synthesize CuO nanostructures doped with CS-g-PAA.
Various concentrations (2, 4, and 6%) of dopants were systematically
incorporated into a fixed amount of CuO. The prepared samples were
analyzed by different optical, structural, and morphological characterizations.
Field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron
microscopy micrographs indicated that doping transformed CuO’s
agglomerated rod-like surface morphology to form nanoflakes. UV–vis
spectroscopy revealed that the optical spectra of the samples exhibit
a redshift after doping, leading to a decrease in band gap energy
from 3.3 to 2.5 eV. The purpose of the study was to test the catalytic
activity of pristine and CS-g-PAA doped CuO for the degradation of
methylene blue in acidic, basic, and neutral conditions using NaBH4 as a reducing agent in an aqueous medium. Furthermore, antibacterial
activity was evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria,
namely, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Overall, enhanced bactericidal
performance was observed upon doping CS-g-PAA into CuO, i.e., 4.25–6.15
and 4.40–8.15 mm against S. aureus and 1.35–4.20 and 2.25–5.25 mm against E. coli at the lowest and highest doses, respectively.
The relevant catalytic and bactericidal action mechanisms of samples
are also proposed in the study. Moreover, in silico molecular docking
studies illustrated the role of these prepared nanomaterials as possible
inhibitors of FabH and FabI enzymes of the fatty acid biosynthetic
pathway.
The removal of hazardous pollutants from water is becoming an increasingly interesting topic of research considering their impact on the environment and the ecosystem. This work was carried out to synthesize graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) and starch-doped magnesium hydroxide (g-C 3 N 4 /St-Mg(OH) 2 ) nanostructures via a facile co-precipitation process. The focus of this study is to treat polluted water and bactericidal behavior with a ternary system (doping-dependent Mg(OH) 2 ). Different concentrations (2 and 4 wt %) of g-C 3 N 4 were doped in a fixed amount of starch and Mg(OH) 2 to degrade methylene blue dye from an aqueous solution with bactericidal potential against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) pathogens. The textural structures, morphological evolutions, and optical characteristics of the as-prepared samples were analyzed using advanced characterization techniques. X-ray diffraction confirmed the hexagonal phase of Mg(OH) 2 with improved crystallinity upon doping. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed Mg(OH) 2 stretching vibrations and other functional groups. UV−visible spectroscopy exhibited a red shift (bathochromic effect) in absorption spectra representing the decrease in energy band gap (E g ). Photoluminescence patterns were recorded to study recombination of charge carriers (e − and h + ). A significant enhancement in photodegradation efficiency (97.62%) and efficient bactericidal actions against E. coli (14.10 mm inhibition zone) and S. aureus (7.45 mm inhibition zone) were observed for higher doped specimen 4% g-C 3 N 4 /St-Mg(OH) 2.
In the current study, a low-cost and straightforward
coprecipitation
technique was adopted to synthesize CaO and La-doped CS/CaO NPs. Different
weight ratios (2 and 4) of La were doped into fixed amounts of CS
and CaO. Synthesized samples exhibited outstanding catalytic performance
by degrading methylene blue (MB) in a highly efficient manner. The
X-ray diffraction technique detected the presence of a cubic phase
of CaO and a decrease in crystallite size of the samples with the
addition of La. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed
the presence of the dopant and the base material with functional groups
at 712 cm
–1
. A decrease in the absorption intensity
of doped CaO was observed with an increasing amount of dopants La
and CS accompanied by a blueshift leading to an increase in the band
gap energy from 4.17 to 4.42 eV, as recorded with an ultraviolet–visible
spectrophotometer. The presence of dopants (La and CS) and the evaluation
of the elemental constitution of Ca and O were supported with the
energy-dispersive spectroscopy technique. In an acidic medium, the
catalytic activity against the MB dye was reduced (93.8%) for 4% La-doped
CS/CaO. For La-doped CS/CaO, vast inhibition domains ranged within
4.15–4.70 and 5.82–8.05 mm against
Escherichia
coli
while 4.15–5.20 and 6.65–13.10
mm against
Staphylococcus aureus
(
S. aureus
) at the least and maximum concentrations,
correspondingly. In silico molecular docking studies suggested these
nanocomposites of chitosan as possible inhibitors against the enoyl-acyl
carrier protein reductase (FabI) from
S. aureus
.
In this study, cadmium
sulfide (CdS) quantum dots (QDs) and barium
(Ba) (3 and 6 wt %)-doped CdS QDs were synthesized via a hydrothermal
technique. The basic purpose of this work is to degrade methylene
blue (MB) dye and evaluate density functional theory (DFT). The synthesized
samples were characterized through X-ray powder diffraction (XRD),
selected area electron diffraction (SAED), Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), high-resolution
transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), UV–vis spectrophotometer,
PL, and density functional theory (DFT). The XRD (structural analysis)
confirmed that the hexagonal crystal structure and crystallinity increased
upon doping. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analysis confirmed
the polycrystalline nature of the prepared QDs. The functional groups
have been investigated using FTIR analysis. The surface and structural
morphologies of the synthesized specimen have been investigated by
applying TEM and FE-SEM, and it was found to exhibit the topology
of QDs. In addition, optical characteristics have been investigated
via UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, which exhibited a bathochromic
shift (red shift) as a consequence of the reduction of the band-gap
energy upon doping from 2.56 to 2.38 eV. PL analysis was used to observe
the electron–hole recombination rate. Moreover, the electronic
and optical properties of Ba-doped CdS were further explored using
density functional theory. Pristine and Ba-doped QDs exhibit sufficient
catalytic activity (CA) against the MB dye in all media as 62.59,
70.15, and 72.74% in neutral, basic, and acidic solutions, respectively.
Correction for ‘Molybdenum-doped iron oxide nanostructures synthesized via a chemical co-precipitation route for efficient dye degradation and antimicrobial performance: in silico molecular docking studies’ by Tahira Shujah et al., RSC Adv., 2022, 12, 35177–35191, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2RA07238F.
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