The article deals with the problem of love relationship between a man and a woman presented in the work of the medieval thinker Ibn Hazm ‘The Ring of the Dove’. The choice of the writer and his work is caused by several reasons which have determined the research problem. The authors note existing gaps in the study of love themes in Ibn Hazm’s works. Moreover, the love theme becomes especially relevant nowadays because of the vast variety of attitudes to gender relations existing in the world and differing from conventional wisdom accepted by world religions and traditional national cultures. The aim of the study is to analyze the representations of the art of love in the work ‘The Ring of the Dove’. The authors draw on the studies of Russian, Arab, Persian and Central Asian scholars who reflected upon certain aspects of Ibn Hazm’s thinking. The authors come to the conclusion about Ibn Hazm’s deep understanding of psychological and pedagogical peculiarities defining love relationship between a man and a woman, who observe origins, types, signs and results of love. The description of the feeling is illustrated by means of multiple examples from real life and the author’s personal experience. It is argued that Ibn Hazm’s thoughts are still relevant today.
Introduction. Vocational education has always been and still is one of the main factors of successful sustainable development of society as a whole and of the individual in particular. Therefore, in the state policy of different countries of the world, including Russia, special attention is being given to the institutions, which train specialists for the leading sectors of the economy and production. For developing effective policy measures and predicting its effectiveness, it is essential to identify the potential of national vocational education system, to study its phase changes and evolution vectors, to analyse and summarise existing experience in the organisation of the system and to support its functioning at the national and regional levels.The aim of the present research is to identify and characterise the main periods of development of primary and secondary technical and vocational education in one of the major regions of Russia – the Republic of Bashkortostan.Methodology and research methods. The research methodology is based on the system and civilisational approaches. The retrospective analysis was conducted through historical, typological and comparative methods, as well as two conceptual models. In the first model, the pedagogical process is presented as a complete system determined by specific historical conditions. The second model, designed by one of the authors of this article, is based on the logic and structure of this process in its contemporary understanding. These concepts provide adequate analysis and extrapolation of historical and pedagogical experience into modern educational theory and practice.Results and scientific novelty. The authors identified socio-economic, pedagogical, organisational and managerial factors of periodisation of the system of primary and secondary technical and vocational education development of Bashkortostan. For the first time, at the local republican level, the main phases of the process have been identified and described, starting with the pre-institutional stage to the present day. It is demonstrated that the trajectory of gradual formation and improvement of the investigated directions and stages of vocational training in the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan is regulated by the general laws on the development of social structures. Despite some specificity, the trends in regional education found are quite related to all-Russian processes.Practical significance. The research results can be useful and are already being used when developing and designing vocational development programmes, in particular, they enrich the content of such disciplines as “History of Pedagogy and Education”, “History”, various special courses and curriculum units, concerning the issues on the state and prospects of technical and vocational education. In addition, the research materials can be used for developing regional educational policy.
The purpose of the article was to analyze the ethical and pedagogical problems considered in the works of the medieval Islamic thinker Al-Razi. The logical relationship between the Islamic postulates and the ethical and pedagogical ideas of this thinker with the paradigms accumulated by the peripathetics of the Antiquity is substantiated. Ancient philosophy is both a methodological and theoretical basis for the scientific research of an Islamic scientist. The content of his ethics is based on humanism, which is the main principle of education and training of a future full-fledged personality. A manifestation of novelty was the position of the thinker in matters of social strata, on the one hand, the possibility of moving from one to another, on the other — when moving from one to another, a person should not change for the worse. According to the philosopher, the mind plays a primary role in the education and re-education of the human soul. The qualities of a person are singled out, to which education should be directed, in which the moral component is the pivotal one. The development of morality should lead to the formation of harmonious relationships of the individual in society. Al-Razi contributed to the transfer of theoretical reflections into the practice of Muslim behavior.
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