In recent decades, social-economic growth and developments have led to human communities toward the creation of tourism opportunities, which are likely to be considered as ways of spending leisure and reducing the impacts of tensions resulting from a rigorous urban and industrial life. Of the variety of regions in Iran, the southeastern regions may be considered as one of the tourism spots in Iran and Zabol, with the ruins of Burnt City having an ancient civilization, a freshwater lake called Hamoon Lake and people with a rich Aryan culture playing a significant role in providing the desired ecotourism. In spite of its importance, specific studies have not been conducted for development and planning of suitable tourism areas. Therefore, the current research has zoned the regions through multi-criteria evaluation using ecological criteria and few social-economic factors. Applied criteria in this paper include soil, distance to surface water resources, slope, aspect, geological formation sustainability, vegetation and distances and limits, including distances from ponds, surface water resources, roads, political borders, rural and urban residential areas, historical centers and welfare facilities. Criterion standardization was done by means of fuzzy theory and the map of constraints was prepared through Boolean theory. To weigh the criteria, pairwise comparisons were performed in the form of the analytic hierarchy process. Then, the given weights were linearly combined and the layers mixed and the suitability index of lands was calculated. In this area, seven zones were identified for advanced tourism.
A hierarchical intensity analysis of land-use change is applied to evaluate the dynamics of a coupled urban coastal system in Rasht County, Iran. Temporal land-use layers of 1987, 1999, and 2011 are employed, while spatial accuracy metrics are only available for 2011 data (overall accuracy of 94%). The errors in 1987 and 1999 layers are unknown, which can influence the accuracy of temporal change information. Such data were employed to examine the size and the type of errors that could justify deviations from uniform change intensities. Accordingly, errors comprising 3.31 and 7.47% of 1999 and 2011 maps, respectively, could explain all differences from uniform gains and errors including 5.21 and 1.81% of 1987 and 1999 maps, respectively, could explain all deviations from uniform losses. Additional historical information is also applied for uncertainty assessment and to separate probable map errors from actual land-use changes. In this regard, historical processes in Rasht County can explain different types of transition that are either consistent or inconsistent to known processes. The intensity analysis assisted in identification of systematic transitions and detection of competitive categories, which cannot be investigated through conventional change detection methods. Based on results, built-up area is the most active gaining category in the area and wetland category with less areal extent is more sensitive to intense land-use change processes. Uncertainty assessment results also indicated that there are no considerable classification errors in temporal land-use data and these imprecise layers can reliably provide implications for informed decision making.
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