Background: Surgical menopause is associated with a sudden and rapid onset of symptoms, as opposed to the natural menopausal transition. Hot flashes often begin immediately after surgery due to the abrupt and complete absence of all ovarian steroids, they are severe enough to alter sleep, social activities, and the overall quality of women's life. Paced breathing is a behavioral relaxation technique that may be effective in the reduction of the severity and frequency of menopausal hot flashes. Objectives: This study was done to determine the effect of paced breathing technique on the frequency and severity of hot flashes and their interference with daily life activities among surgically menopaused women. Study design: A quasi-experimental research design was utilized in this study. Methods: A convenient sample of 80 women undergone surgical menopause were recruited. Three tools for data collection were used: (1) Basic data structured interview schedule (2) Daily hot flash diary (3) Hot flash related daily interference scale Results: Significant differences were found between the two groups in the second week (p = 0.038) and third week (p = 0.001) after applying intervention in relation to hot flashes frequency also, significant differences were found between the two groups in the second and third weeks (p = 0.001) in relation to hot flashes severity. Additionally, the differences between the two groups were statistically significant after applying interventions in relation to the quality of daily life activities, where p=<0.001 in week 3. Conclusion: paced breathing technique is an effective non-pharmacological intervention in decreasing the severity and frequency of hot flashes among surgically menopaused women.

Background: Breast engorgement is a common problem that prevents women from initiating and maintaining breastfeeding. The number of recommended interventions to treat breast engorgement is insufficient. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of scraping technique (Gua-Sha) on breast engorgement among primi post-natal women. Design: A non-randomized controlled clinical trial design was used. Subjects: A convenient sample of 80 primi-postnatal women was recruited from the National Medical Institute's postnatal unit in Damanhour, El-Behiera Governorate. Five tools were used to collect data; Tool I: Basic data structured interview questionnaire; Tool II: A visual analogue scale (VAS) for severity of breast engorgement; Tool III: A six-point engorgement evaluation; Tool IV: Assessment of breast redness and edema around the areola, and Tool V: A latch score record. Results: There were a highly statistically significant differences in the severity of breast engorgement pain between the intervention and control groups after post assessment 2 (P=0.000). Before intervention, both the intervention and control groups had severe breast engorgement (37.5% and 32.5%, respectively). However, the intervention group showed greater improvement in post assessment 2, and there were highly statistically significant differences between both groups P=. 000. Conclusion: The findings revealed that women who practiced the Gua-Sha technique during the early post-partum period exhibit less breast engorgement than women received routine care. Recommendations: The Gua-Sha technique should be recommended as a safe non-pharmacological method in treating breast engorgement and include it as part of postpartum women's discharge teaching plan.

Background: Morning sickness during pregnancy can range from mild discomfort to significant morbidity that leads to certain complications for mother and fetus. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of compression stockings on morning sickness among primigravidas. Materials and Method: A Quazi experimental research design was used. The study was conducted at the obstetric outpatient clinic of National Medical Institute in Damanhour, El-Behiera Governorate. A purposeful sample of 80 pregnant women was recruited. Subjects who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were assigned to one of the two equal groups: study and control group. Four tools of data collection were used: A structured interview questionnaire, visual analogue scale (VAS) for severity of nausea and vomiting, (NVPQOL) nausea, vomiting pregnancy quality of life and pregnancy unique quantification of emesis and vomiting (PUQE). Results: There was a highly statistically significant differences after two weeks intervention between the study and control group regarding the severity of nausea and vomiting, (P=0.000).There was severe effect of morning sickness on women's quality of life among both study and control group before intervention (77.5% and 75%) respectively. However, there was a greater improvement after the period of compression among the study group and there was a statistically significant differences between the study and control groups post intervention, P=.000. Conclusion: From the results of the current study, it can be concluded that morning sickness decreased among women who used compression stockings for two weeks during early pregnancy. Recommendation: Emphasize the use of compression stockings in the nonpharmacological protocol for the treatment of NVP as an effective strategy for such a problem.

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