IV, therapeutic.
Background: Craniosynostosis is a complex craniofacial deformity. Surgical decision, if needed, is always hard on the parent and requires the use of multimodalities of explanation. To the authors’ knowledge, there have been no studies tackling family counseling about the deformity and surgical decision-making process with the use of low-cost patient-specific three-dimensional (3D)-printed models. Methods: A cross-sectional study investigating the utility of patient-specific 3D-printed models using a desktop-based 3D printer. Questionnaire was constructed and validated screening the demographics, knowledge, expectation, and surgical decision-making process supplied using Likert. Data were collected consecutively from each parent first after explanation with conventional 3D computed tomography (CT) images, and then repeated after the 3D-printed model has been presented. Results: Fourteen parents were screened. Majority of parents considered the pathology to have a potential effect of child's functional and aesthetic outcomes. After using the 3D-printed models, the participants had a clear vision and needed not to read any more about the condition (P = 0.05, P = 0.019, respectively). Agreement for surgical management was in favor of the 3D-printed models compared with CT images (P = 0.028). Explanation with CT images yielded higher mean score in knowledge about potential complications compared with 3D models (P value = 0.007). For the 3D models, average printing time was 26 hours, and a mean cost of 5.2$. Conclusion: The utility of desktop 3D printing is an affordable modality to provide adequate information about craniosynostosis and can assist surgical decision-making. Knowledge and adaptation of such cheap technology represents a great skill aiding clinical practice.
Introduction: Permanent filler (PF) substances are increasingly utilized in aesthetic procedures. Concurrently, complications related to fillers have also risen. This study aims to determine the rate of complications secondary to PF injections and develop a therapeutic approach for treating such complications. Methods: This cohort study was conducted by distributing a checklist form among all patients aged 18 years or older who arrived for a new cosmetic consultation between 2015 and 2019. The primary outcome was the occurrence of complications, which are defined as symptoms induced by the PF. The demographics, type of PF, injection site, the time for the complication to occur, and signs and symptoms were recorded and followed up. Results: In this study, 325 out of 503 (64.61%) patients presented with PF-related complications. About 92.8% were women. All patients with PF-related complications presented with a lump (n = 325, 100%). In regard to the anatomical area of injection, the most common areas were the cheeks (66.6%). The time it took for the complication to occur most commonly ranged from 1–5 years (39.2%, P < 0.001). Complications were significantly higher among patients who received the injection in a nonmedical facility (P < 0.0002). Seventy-seven cases (15.3%, P < 0.0001) underwent PF removal. Conclusions: PF-related complications in the body exhibit a wide range of onset and adverse events. The best method to prevent complications caused by permanent filling materials is to avoid them altogether. When it comes to permanent filling agents, we suggest extreme caution.
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