Introduction:Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common nosocomial pathogens. The emergence of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) has been increasingly reported as a major clinical concern worldwide. The main aim of the present study was to determine the distribution of bla OXA , bla PER-1, bla VEB-1, and bla GES-1 genes among ESBL-producing P. aeruginosa isolated from two distinct provinces in Iran. Methods: In this study, a total of 75 (27.5%) ESBL-producing isolates were identified from 273 P. aeruginosa isolates collected from patients in Qazvin and Tehran. Phenotypic detection of ESBLs and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. PCR and sequencing were employed to detect bla OXA-1 , bla OXA , bla GES-1, bla PER-1 , and bla VEB-1 genes. Isolate genetic relationships were evaluated by repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-based PCR (REP-PCR). Results: In total, 59 (78.7%) of the ESBLproducing isolates showed multidrug resistance. The highest rates of susceptibility were observed against colistin (75 isolates, 100%) and polymyxin B (75, 100%) followed by amikacin (44, 58.7%), and piperacillin-tazobactam (40, 53.3%). The bla OXA-1 (37.3%) gene was the most common of the genes investigated, followed by bla OXA-4 (32%), bla GES-1 (16%), and bla VEB-1 (13.3%). REP-PCR identified three different genotypes: types A (89.3%), B (6.7%), and C (4%). Conclusions: We found a significant presence of bla OXA-1 , bla OXA-4 , bla GES-1, and bla VEB-1 genes among P. aeruginosa isolates, highlighting the need for suitable infection control strategies to effectively treat patients and prevent the further distribution of these resistant organisms.
Objective: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, especially with type 16 or 18, is associated with cervical cancer. Two HPV proteins, E6 and E7, are essential factors in the carcinogenesis of HPV. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of HPV 16/18 E6/E7 mRNA in women with abnormal histology in Qazvin province, Iran.
Results: HPV 16/18 DNA and E6/E7 mRNA was observed in 60.6% and 42.4% of samples, respectively. The frequency of positive HPV 16/18 and E6/E7 results increased with the severity of the injury, but the latter correlates better with progressive lesions. Despite the non-different sensitivity, PPV, and NPV of these two tests, E6/E7 mRNA showed higher specificity for detecting high-grade lesions (52.30% vs 75.38, P = 0.006).
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