Understanding drug transportation mechanisms in the human body is of paramount importance in modeling Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic relationships. This work gives a novel general model of efavirenz transportation projections based on concentrations simulated from patients on a dose of 600 mg. The work puts forward a proposition that transportation can wholly be modeled by concentration and time in a uniform volumetric space. Furthermore, movement entities are used to inform the state of “kinetic solubility” of a solution. There is use of Ricker's model, and forms of the Hill's equation in modeling transportation. Characterization on the movement rates of solution particle are suggested in relation to advection rate of solution particle. At turning points on the transportation rate of solution particle vs. concentration curve, a suggestion of possibly change of dominance in the mode of transportation and saturation is made. There are four movement rates postulated at primary micro-level transportation, that are attributed to convection, diffusion [passive transportation (EI)] and energy dependent system transportation (ED) in relation to advection. Furthermore, a new parameter is introduced which is defined as an advection rate constant of solution particle. It is postulated to be dependent on two rate constants of solution particle, that is a convection rate constant of solution particle and a saturable transportation rate constant of solution particle. At secondary micro-level transportation, the results show convection as sum of advection and saturable transportation. The kinetics of dissolution of efavirenz in the solution space is postulated. Relatively, a good level of kinetics of dissolution is projected in the concentration region 0 − 32.82 μg/ml.
This work describes the deterministic interaction of a diffusing particle of efavirenz through concentration gradient. Simulated pharmacokinetic data from patients on efavirenz are used. The Fourier's Equation is used to infer on transfer of movement between solution particles. The work investigates diffusion using Fick's analogy, but in a different variable space. Two important movement fluxes of a solution particle are derived an absorbing one identified as conductivity and a dispersing one identified as diffusivity. The Fourier's Equation can be used to describe the process of gain/loss of movement in formation of a solution particle in an individual.
High mortality rates due to HIV and AIDS declined in resource rich countries with the discovery and access to anti-retroviral drugs (ARVs), starting with zidovudine in 1985 [5]. Through the Global Fund and concerted efforts of nongovernmental organisations, access to ARVs steadily increased in Sub-Saharan Africa. In addition, the Zimbabwean government initiated the AIDS Levy for all workers in 1999 as a national response to the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The AIDS Levy is a percentage of taxable income (3%) taken from every Zimbabwean employee's salary per month and deposited into the National AIDS Council (NAC) account for use in programs to combat HIV/AIDS in Zimbabwe [6]. By 2008, over 1 million people were infected with HIV and 500 000 required ART, but only a modest 100 000 currently have access to these life-saving drugs [7]. Given the recent evidence that ART not only reduces mortality rates but also reduces transmission rates [8], ART holds the promise to halting the spiral spread of the HIV pandemic. The access to ARVs has not been without difficulties. Earlier use of monotherapy was associated with the emergence of drug resistant variants of HIV [9]. Research in the 1990s led to the discovery of the more effective highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) [10,11]. The use of ARVs was and continues to be associated with moderate, severe and sometimes life threatening adverse drug reactions. For many patients there is a shift from limited access to ARVs to issues of safety and efficacy in their use. As the use of ARVs was accessed by many patients across the world and used for long
The deterministic description of a wave of solution particle of efavirenz is given. Simulated pharmacokinetic data points from patients on efavirenz are used. The one dimensional wave equation is used to infer on transfer of vibrations due to tension between solution particles. The work investigates movement using wave analogy, but in a different variable space. Two important movement fluxes of a wave are derived an attracting one identified as tension conductivity and a dispersing one identified as tension diffusivity. The Wave Equation can be used to describe another spin-off movement flux formed induced by vibrations in solution particle.
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