(2017) Evaluation of biofidelity of THUMS pedestrian model under a whole-body impact conditions with a generic sedan buck, Traffic Injury Prevention, 18:sup1, S148-S154, DOI: 10.1080DOI: 10. /15389588.2017 Objective: The goal of this study was to evaluate the biofidelity of the Total Human Model for Safety (THUMS; Ver. 4.01) pedestrian finite element models (PFEM) in a whole-body pedestrian impact condition using a well-characterized generic pedestrian buck model.
Methods:The biofidelity of THUMS PFEM was evaluated with respect to data from 3 full-scale postmortem human subject (PMHS) pedestrian impact tests, in which a pedestrian buck laterally struck the subjects using a pedestrian buck at 40 km/h. The pedestrian model was scaled to match the anthropometry of the target subjects and then positioned to match the pre-impact postures of the target subjects based on the 3-dimensional motion tracking data obtained during the experiments. An objective rating method was employed to quantitatively evaluate the correlation between the responses of the models and the PMHS.Injuries in the models were predicted both probabilistically and deterministically using empirical injury risk functions and strain measures, respectively, and compared with those of the target PMHS. Conclusions: Based on the data considered, the THUMS PFEM was considered to be biofidelic for this pedestrian impact condition and vehicle. Given the capability of the model to reproduce biomechanical responses, it shows potential as a valuable tool for developing novel pedestrian safety systems.
Active safety systems are developed in the automotive industry to help avoid or mitigate collisions. To develop collisionavoidance or mitigation systems, an appropriate lead time must be determined to provide a warning or action with acceptable false positive and negative rates. There has been much research on the lead time for the rear-end collision, but the lead time for the headon collision has not been studied much because of the complexity of the loadcase. In this paper, the crash probabilities of the head-on collision were estimated, and adaptive lead times were proposed. In addition, false positive and false negative rates were assessed for some precrash sensor errors. For the assessment, an analytical vehicle model was validated against static and dynamic test data, and the driver's behaviors in normal and evasive maneuvers were surveyed and modeled. Using the analytical vehicle model and the driver models, stochastic analyses were conducted to assess the crash probability, the adaptive lead times, and the error rates.Index Terms-Active safety system, crash probability, error rate, lead time, stochastic analysis.
In previous shoulder impact studies, the 50th-percentile male GHBMC human body finite-element model was shown to have good biofidelity regarding impact force, but under-predicted shoulder deflection by 80% compared to those observed in the experiment. The goal of this study was to validate the response of the GHBMC M50 model by focusing on three-dimensional shoulder kinematics under a whole-body lateral impact condition. Five modifications, focused on material properties and modeling techniques, were introduced into the model and a supplementary sensitivity analysis was done to determine the influence of each modification to the biomechanical response of the body. The modified model predicted substantially improved shoulder response and peak shoulder deflection within 10% of the observed experimental data, and showed good correlation in the scapula kinematics on sagittal and transverse planes. The improvement in the biofidelity of the shoulder region was mainly due to the modifications of material properties of muscle, the acromioclavicular joint, and the attachment region between the pectoralis major and ribs. Predictions of rib fracture and chest deflection were also improved because of these modifications.
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