Animal welfare was introduced relatively late to Korea in comparison with Western countries. Nonetheless, the Korean government has continuously improved animal welfare-friendly regulations as policy instruments. Given the current situation, it is predicted that spontaneous settlement of the animal welfare policies will be difficult and may cause conflict in the farm animal industry. To identify and categorize conflicts caused by animal-welfare-related policies in the last five years, we investigated the awareness of animal welfare among Korean hen farms and the level of compliance with the animal welfare regulations. We collected a sample of 53 egg-laying chicken farm operators (e.g., owners or head managers) was collected through the on-site survey (90% confidence level (Z-score: 1.65) and 10.18% tolerance, based on a number of 797 egg-laying farms in 2020). Ethical conflicts on the farms were categorized into three different types according to the hen farm's ethical awareness level: passive, moderate, and active. Additionally, we investigated the correlation between compliance with regulations and ethical consideration. This study confirmed that compliance with animal welfare-related regulations significantly correlated to the level of ethical consideration of farm operators. Interestingly, we also observed that farm operators did not comply with the regulation despite their high level of awareness of animal welfare. This conflict implies contradiction and unresolved ethical dilemmas. Therefore, this study argues that the policies cause conflict in the field despite the certain level of effectiveness on animal welfare regulations.
occupation. RESULTS: Overall, 60.4% of the sample was overweight and obese in total. Statistical significance was found for the following variables; age (p-val-ue¼0.000), educational level (p-value¼0.000), marital status (p-value¼0.005) and occupation (p-value¼0.008). Specifically, probability to be overweight/obese was lower for respondents of higher educational level (OR¼0.918), for respondents who were widowed (OR¼0.617) or divorced (OR¼0.479) compared to respondents married/living with partner and for respondents who were housewives (OR¼0.633) or students (OR¼0.366) compared to respondents who were self-employed. Furthermore, probability to be overweight/obese was higher with increasing age of the respondents (OR¼1.025). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results, a large proportion of the Greek population is overweight and obese, which leads to specific expectations for its future impact on overall health and its indicators. The fact that a series of factors is associated with high BMI indicates its complex mechanisms, which should be taken into account by public health professionals in order to work effectively towards reduction of overweight and obesity rates.
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