To realize a quantum network based on quantum entanglement swapping, bright and completely autonomous sources are essentially required. Here, we experimentally demonstrate Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference [1] between two independent bright photonpair sources generated via the spontaneous four-wave mixing in Doppler-broadened ladder-type 87 Since the first proposal of entanglement swapping [4], quantum interference between independent single photons has played an important role in both long-distance quantum communication incorporating quantum repeaters and optical quantum-information processing by a linear optics quantum computer, towards realization of a scalable quantum network [5−8]. In particular, Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) quantum interference constitutes key evidence of the indistinguishability and purity of independent single-photon sources [9]. Such indistinguishable independent single photons must have identical spectral, spatial, polarization, and temporal modes at a beam splitter [10].
We experimentally demonstrate the existence of water wave band gaps in finite two-dimensional periodic graphitic and triangular structures composed of vertical cylinders which stand on the bottom of the water tank and project out of the water surface. The experimental data agree fairly well with the numerical simulations obtained from the multiple scattering method. The experimental evidence of water wave band gaps suggests that two-dimensional periodic structures of vertically oriented solid cylinders constitute a much better solution for the problem of coastal erosion.
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