PURPOSE: This study aimed to verify the differences in shoulder range of motion (ROM) and dynamic stability in the upper extremities depending on the players’ ages and frequency of sports injuries in the shoulder joint.METHODS: A total of 519 volleyball players enrolled in the Korea Volleyball Association and Korean Volleyball Federation participated in this study. All participants answered questions about their experiences of sports-related shoulder injuries and were then categorized into shoulder-injured and non-injured groups. Shoulder ROM (flexion/extension and internal/external rotation) and upper quarter Y-balance (YBT-UQ) were tested by trained examiners. The YBT-UQ was normalized to the arm length (%AL) of the players.RESULTS: Among elementary and middle school players, the shoulder-injured group had lower internal rotation than the non-injured group. In addition, elementary school players with a history of shoulder injuries performed worse in the YBT-UQ test. Regardless of their history of shoulder injury, older patients tended to have decreased shoulder flexion and extension. In the injured group, younger players had lower internal rotation of the shoulder.CONCLUSIONS: These results showed that player age should be considered for rehabilitation to prevent shoulder sports-related injuries in volleyball players.
PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the running-related variables during competitions across playing positions and quarters in elite female field hockey players.METHODS: A total of 136 data from 41 players were collected using GPS units during national-level competitions. The running-related variables included the total distance covered (TD, unit: m), relative distance (RD, unit: m/min), proportion of low-(LID, 0-6 km/h), moderate-( MID, 6.1-15 km/h), and high-intensity (HID, ≥15.1 km/h) distance of the total distance covered (unit: %), and sprint efforts (SE, ≥19.1 km/h, ≥1s; unit: bouts).RESULTS: The defenders’ TD (5,619.77±1,046.14 m) was shorter than that of midfielders (5,475±1,043.33 m) and forwards (4,684.22± 1,066.11 m), and the RD of midfielders (103.64±9.10 m/min) was longer than that of forwards (99.03±10.37 m/min) and defenders (92.42±10.85 m/min). The midfielders had the highest MID(47.08±5.51%), while the highest HID (16.23±3.62%) was observed in the forwards. Defenders performed 35.12±5.25 bouts, with the highest number of sprints among the playing positions. Regardless of the playing positions, 1 quarter had the highest TD, RD, and HID, and the SE was the highest in 4 quarter.CONCLUSIONS: The players’ specific requirements can be managed by practitioners and coaches using the running performance profile; further, it can be used to design training programs containing suitable running volumes to improve players’ performance.
PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between relative training load and non-contact injuries in collegiate football players.METHODS: Eleven players were enrolled in this study. During sports competitions, data were collected using global positioning system (GPS) units (10 Hz), and information on sport-related injuries of the lower extremities was recorded. The acute-to-chronic workload ratio (ACWR) of total distance covered, high-intensity distance (≥18 km/hours), sprint distance (≥21 km/hours) and bouts, work-torest ratio, and acceleration-deceleration bouts were calculated. Data were evenly split into quartiles, with the lowest ACWR range used as a reference group. Odds ratios were calculated to determine the injury risk at a given ACWR of each GPS variable, using a logistic regression analysis.RESULTS: Six players experienced nine injuries, yielding an incidence of 132.93 injuries per 1,000 athlete exposures. Based on ACWR values, the highest risk of injury was most associated with total distance covered, followed by high-intensity distance, and sprint bouts. The lowest risk of injury was associated with sprint distance, which yielded a lower injury risk than that in the reference group.CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows the need for continued monitoring of in-game athlete performance in preventing non-contact sportrelated injuries in football players.
PURPOSE: This study aimed to verify the effect of 8-week Pilates and core stability exercises on bone mineral density (BMD) and risk of falls in older adult women. METHODS: A total of 49 healthy women over 60 years of age were randomly classified into three groups: Pilates exercise group (PG, n=17), core stability exercise group (CSG, n=17), and control group (CON, n=12). Pilates and core stability exercise programs were applied in each group for 8 weeks. Before and after the two exercise programs, BMD, Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (Tinetti POMA), and balance ability were measured.RESULTS: There were no differences in BMD among the three groups depending on the application of the exercise program. The balance scores of the Tinetti POMA and total Tinetti POMA scores in both the PG and CSG were higher after the 8-week exercise program. In particular, the gait score of the Tinetti POMA in the PG was higher than that in the CSG. Static and dynamic balance abilities improved in both the PG and CSG.CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that Pilates and core stability exercises can be effective for improving balance ability, leading to the prevention of falls in older adult women.
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