Direct quantitative mapping of the density‐of‐states, named the photo‐excited charge‐collection technique, for the interface traps at the n‐ZnO and/or p‐pentacene thin‐film transistor channel is implemented by using monochromatic photons which are carried by optical fibers and are probed onto thin‐film transistors.
We report on photo-excited trap-charge-collection spectroscopy, contrived to measure the density of deep-level traps near channel/dielectric interface in a working ZnO based thin-film transistor as a function of photon probe energy. Free charges trapped at a certain energy level are liberated by the correspondingly energetic photons and then electrically collected at the source/drain electrodes. During this photo-electric process, the threshold voltage of TFT shifts and its magnitude provides the density-of-state information of charge traps. In the present work, we directly characterized the density-of-state of ZnO based thin-film transistors with polymer-oxide double dielectrics after evaluating their gate stabilities.
Although drugs such as barbiturates and benzodiazepines are often used for the treatment of insomnia, they are associated with various side effects such as habituations, tolerance and addiction. Alternatively, natural products with minimal unwanted effects have been preferred for the treatment of acute and/or mild insomnia, with additional benefits of overall health-promotion. Basic and clinical researches on the mechanisms of action of natural products have been carried out so far in insomnia treatments. Recent studies have been focusing on diverse chemical components available in natural products, with an interest of developing drugs that can improve sleep duration and quality. In the last 15 years, our co-workers have been actively looking for candidate substances from natural products that can relieve insomnia. This review is, therefore, intended to bring pharmacological data regarding to the effects of natural products on sleep duration and quality, mainly through the activation of GABAA receptors. It is imperative that phytochemicals will provide useful information during electroencephalography (EEG) analysis and serve as an alternative medications for insomnia patients who are reluctant to use conventional drugs.
Conventional imaging techniques such as ultraviolet, infrared, and X-ray are used mainly to diagnose the damaged parts of the painted cultural assets in Korea. These techniques, however, have limits in diagnosing damages of interlayer parts. We have performed and extensive study on the applicability of Terahertz(THz) analysis technique, introduced recently to this field of study on cultural properties in Korea, to diagnose painted cultural assets. The specimens, produced to imitate the damage types of Korean painted properties, were analyzed over their painting, supporting, and backing layers by terahertz pulse imaging technique. The analyzed results provided information about the cracks, the
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