RC frames with unreinforced masonry infiledl walls are common in worldwide. Since infilled walls are normally considered as non-structural elements, their presence is often ignored by engineers.In this study, to improve the seismic performance of masonry walls, hexagonal block was developed and the influence of masonry infilled wall on the seismic performance of reinforced concrete(RC) frames that were designed in accordance with current code provisions without the consideration of earthquake loadings are investigated. Two 1/2 scale, single story, single bay, frame specimens were tested. The parameters investigated included that the strength of infilled wallls with respect to that of the lateral load history. The experimental results indicate that infilled walls can significantly improve the lateral stiffness and strength of RC frames. The lateral loads developed by the infilled frame specimen is higher than that of the bare frame. It also indicates that infilled walls can be potentially used to improve the performance of existing nonductile frames. For this purpose. methods should be developed to avoid irreparable damage and catastrophic failure.
Purpose: Mini-pig has been a great demand for basic and clinical research field due to easy handling, convenient size as well as its analytical and physiological similarity with human. It has been playing a huge role in several clinical research to imitate variety of diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, bone disorders, skin diseases, and gastrointestinal diseases. It could be the most beneficial animal model for researching gastrointestinal diseases including gastric ulcer. Materials and Methods: Sus scrofa female mini-pig weighing around 30kg was used in this experiment. After a week of adaptation, animals were fasted for 48h with free access to the drinking water with subsequent endoscopic intra-gastric acetic acid injection. Mini-pigs were divided into 2 groups with 2 mini-pigs in each group. The process of gastric ulcer development was analyzed at the time of injection, on the 7th and on the14th day through endoscopy. Autopsy was done on the 14th day after drug injection followed by stomach tissue analysis. Results: Gastric ulcer was induced very efficiently in mini-pig animal with clearly visible signs of necrosis, inflammation and mineralization. The healing properties of famotidine were confirmed as disease symptoms were reduced significantly. Conclusion: We confirmed that mini-pig can be efficient and convenient species for gastric ulcer inducement with significant resemblance to human beings, and highly applicable to further effective preclinical experiments.
Bovine embryonic stem cells have potential for use in research, such as transgenic cattle generation and the study of developmental gene regulation. The Nanog may play a critical role in maintenance of the undifferentiated state of embryonic stem cells in the bovine, as in murine and human. Nevertheless, efforts to study the bovine Nanog for pluripotency-maintaining factors have been insufficient. In this study, in order to understand the mechanisms of transcriptional regulation of the bovine Nanog, the 5′-flanking region of the Nanog was isolated from ear cells of Hanwoo. Results of transient transfection using a luciferase reporter gene under the control of serially deleted 5′-flanking sequences revealed that the −134 to −19 region contained the positive regulatory sequences for the transcription of the bovine Nanog. Results from mutagenesis studies demonstrated that the Sp1-binding site that is located in the proximal promoter region plays an important role in transcriptional activity of the bovine Nanog promoter. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay with the Sp1 specific antibody confirmed the specific binding of Sp1 transcription factor to this site. In addition, significant inhibition of Nanog promoter activity by the Sp1 mutant was observed in murine embryonic stem cells. Furthermore, chromatin-immunoprecipitation assay with the Sp1 specific antibody confirmed the specific binding of Sp1 transcription factor to this site. These results suggest that Sp1 is an essential regulatory factor for bovine Nanog transcriptional activity.
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