Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the storage and quality characteristics of brown rice under the low temperature warehouse conditions using ambient cold air in the winter. Methods: This new technique maintains rough rice warehouse temperature below 15℃ without cooling operation until the end of May. Four hundred tons of rough rice were stored in the low temperature grain warehouse, and were aerated from the top to the bottom using ambient cold air in February. The quality of rough rice was evaluated from February through October. Results: The results were as followings. Moisture contents of rough rice in the low temperature storage had decreased less than the ordinary temperature storage. Cracked rate of brown rice in the ordinary temperature storage and low temperature storage increased by 4~10.8% and 1.6~7.2%, respectively. The germination rate of rough rice under the ordinary and the low temperature warehouse decreased by 15.0~25.0% and 1.7~8.0%, respectively. The acid value of brown rice under the ordinary and the low temperature warehouse increased by 3.67~6.72 KOH mg/100g and 3.08~4.08 KOH mg/100g, respectively. Conclusions: The result indicates that low temperature storage using ambient winter air showed better maintaining germination of rice, less change of physiological activities and cracked kernel, and better maintaining of rice quality, comparing the ordinary temperature storage.

Supercritical CO 2 extract from fruits of Citrus hassaku Hort ex Tanaka, Citrus iyo Hort. ex Tanaka, and Citrus grandis Osbeck, locally known as phalsak, yeagam, and dangyuja, respectively, in Korea, were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In total, 70, 79, and 76 compounds were identified in fruits of phalsak, yeagam, and dangyuja respectively. (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid was the major compound in phalsak, whereas limonene prevailed among the others. α-Terpineol, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, hexadecanoic acid, pentacosane, stigmasterol, and γ-sitosterol were prominent in all species. Antiproliferative activity of the fruit extract was revealed through the colorimetric MTT (tetrazolium) assay against human glioblastoma U373MG, SNU-16 gastric cancer cells, HeLa cervix adenocarcinoma cells and AGS gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Although all tested fruit extracts exhibited antiproliferative effects toward cancer cells, different cell lines varied in their sensitivity to the same plant fruit extract.

The purpose of this study was to design a variable frequency LED light system for plant factory which combined red, blue, green, white, and UV lights and controlled the ratio of the light wavelength. In addition, this study evaluated the performance of each combination of LED to verify the applicability. Methods: Four combinations of LED (i.e. Red+Blue, Red+Blue+Green, Red+Blue+White, Red+Blue+UV) were designed using five types of LED. The system was designed to control the duty ratio of each wavelength of LED by 1% interval from 0~100%, the pulse by 1Hz interval from 1~20kHz. Response characteristics of the control system, spectral distribution of each combination, light uniformity and uniformity ratio were measured to test the performance of the system. Results: Clean waveforms were measured from 10Hz to 10kHz regardless of duty ratio. Frequency distortion was observed within 5% of inflection point at frequencies above 10kHz regardless of duty ratio, but it was judged negligible. Spectra showed a normal distribution, and maximum PPF with duty ratio of 100% was 271.4μmol‧m-2 ‧s-1 for the Red+Blue combination. PPF of the Red+Blue+Green combination was 258.9μmol ‧m-2 ‧s-1 , and that of the Red+Blue+White combination was 273.9μmol‧m-2 ‧s-1. PPF of the Red+Blue+UV combination was 267.7 μmol‧m-2‧s-1. Uniformity ratio for the area excepting border showed 0.90 for the Red+Blue and Red+Blue+White combinations, 0.87 for the Red+Blue+Green combination, and 0.88 for the Red+Blue+UV combination. The light was irradiated evenly at the area excepting border, so it was suitable for plant growing. Conclusions: From the results of this study, response characteristics of the control system, spectral distribution of each combination, light uniformity and uniformity ratio were suitable for applying into the plant factory.

Damage to agricultural production caused by insects and diseases affects farming yields. The orchard sprayer is mainly used in the country to protect the fruit in a large area, with less effort and at minimum cost. The excellent performance of the air blast spray increases the fruit protection.Chemical application in orchards has been accomplished by the orchard sprayers with air assist nozzles and a axial fan in Korea. However, the orchard sprayers without ROPS resulted in severe injury or death when operators drive the sprayers improperly on hilly orchard or farming road. This study was to develop a ROPS for the orchard sprayers improving farmer's safety. In this study, the accident case was used in analysing the design and building TOP structure of the orchard sprayer. The maximum impact, body torsion frame structures including the driver's protection are also analysed for adherence to safety regulations. The ROPS safety regulations according to the strength test results were established.

The purpose of this study was to investigate secondary drying effects on garlic quality, and to define the optimal secondary drying conditions for garlic preservation. The secondary drying tests used garlic that was naturally dried once and stored at low temperature. After secondary drying, the garlic was stored in a warehouse at room temperature. Tests were performed at different low-temperature storage periods (60, 105, 150, 195, and 240 days), secondary drying temperatures (35 and 40°C), drying times (1, 2, 3 days), and room temperature storage periods (15, 30, and 45 days). The results were compared with a non-secondary drying condition control. In general, the 40°C-2 days dry conditions showed the lowest weight-loss rate (5%) and rotting rate during room temperature storage. The sprouting rate increased by 20% during the initial 15 day-room temperature storage, along with a small increase after 30 days of room temperature storage. Increases in drying temperature and the period of secondary drying conditions caused a decrease in firmness. In addition, the sprouting rate was 10% higher, and rotting rate 5∼10% higher, for the non-drying condition, compared to drying conditions. Based on our results, the 40°C-2 days drying condition is the optimal secondary drying condition for garlic storage.