The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of systematic mental skills training (MST) for a taekwondo gold medallist. Based on MST of other sports, this programme was designed for a single subject who competed in the Olympics. The Korean test of performance strategies, Sport Attributional Style in Korean Athletes, and a few sessions of interviews were applied to investigate the effect of MST. The pre and post-test mean scores of both the Korean test of performance strategies and Sport Attributional Style in Korean Athletes were compared. Interviews recorded the athlete’s psychological characteristics. Excluding the ‘activation’ variable, all of the psychological skills, e.g. self-talk (4.25–5), emotional control (3.75–4.5), automaticity (3.75–4.25), goal setting (4.5–5), imagery (4.25–5), negative thinking (3.25–4.75), anxiety management (4.5–5), and physical and mental condition (4.5–5) improved. MST is believed to have helped the athlete succeed.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to develop a Korean Life Skills Scale for Sports (KLSSS) that original version is the LSSS developed by Cronin and Allen (2017). Methods The subjects were 899 middle school and high school students. The measurement tool was used with LSSS. The validation of KLSSS followed a three-stage of validation procedure; substantive stage, structural stage, and external stage. The result is as follows. Results First, In the substantive stage, KLSSS consisted of 47 items with 8 factors. As a result of the item clarity test, it was confirmed that all the items were appropriate. Second, in the structural stage, KLSSS was explored and confirmed as 5 factors and 18 items. Third, in the external stage, KLSSS showed discrimination and convergent validity. Conclusions KLSSS is composed of 5 factors and 18 items. The factors are teamwork (TW), goal setting (GS), time management (TM), social skills (SS), and leadership (LD). This scale can be used to obtain information on life skills in school physical education or sports.

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to verify their effectiveness as we develop and apply worksheets for improving life skills and resilience of collegiate Taekwondo athletes. Methods The study went through three stages: developing, applying, and evaluating. In the developing stage, literature review, expert meeting, and pilot test (n=25) were conducted to develop the worksheets. In the applying stage, 37 athletes participated in life skills program using the worksheets. Data were collected by survey and in-depth interview. In the evaluating stage, paired t-test, word cloud analysis, and inductive content analysis used to identify the effect of worksheets. Results First, the worksheets were composed of 3 stages (plan, acquisition, implementation) and 15 sessions including 12 factors of life skills. Second, the worksheets were applied in each phases such as planning, acquiring, and implementing. In the planning phase, they understood life skills knowledge and set goals. In the acquisition phase, students learned specific life skills’ strategies. In the practice phase, the acquired life skills were applied and practiced in real life and relationships. Third, the result of paired t-test showed that all the factors of life skills and 6 factors of resilience were significantly improved. In addition, word cloud and in-depth interviews revealed that the participants' cognitive and psychological changes were most prominent. Conclusions The life skills worksheets consists of 12 factors in 15 sessions and can be considered as an effective intervention tool for improving the resilience and life skills of collegiate Taekwondo athletes.

The purpose of this study was to verify differences in changes of physical self-concept between Taekwondo participation group and non Taekwondo participation group in order to meet the needs of the study the limitations of previous studies had to be considered. The participants were elementary students in S city selected by this researcher. 30 students were in the Taekwondo participation group and 40 students were in the non Taekwondo participation group decided by ACSM(15) exercise guide line standard, three times repetition measurements per 12 weeks were executed for 2×3 mixed design with repeated measure. For this statistic, SPSS 12.0 for windows was used for technical statistic, two-way ANOVA, paired t-test, and independent t-test. The results were as follows; First, there were differences of change pattern in physical self-concept generally between Taekwondo participation group and non Taekwondo participation group. Second, there was a difference between Taekwondo exercise group and non Taekwondo exercise group according to 1st and 2nd, 1st and 3rd measurement point partially. Third, there were differences between the Taekwondo exercise group and non Taekwondo exercise group on the 2nd and 3rd measurement. In conclusion, Taekwondo discipline tended to have a large effect increasing physical self-concept.■ keyword :|Taekwondo|Youth Sport|Physical Self-concept|

This study examined effects of psychological skills training (PST) for Korean national table tennis athletes with spinal cord injuries (SCI), who were training for the 2012 London Paralympics. Participants were three male table tennis players with level two SCI, and all participants attended a total of eight sessions of PST over a period of 3 months. The PST consisted of self-talk, imagery, cognitive reconstructing, and routine. To examine the effectiveness of mental coaching, the Test of Performance Strategies questionnaire was administered over three different periods of time: pre-PST, post-PST, and postcompetition. Pre- and posttest outcomes indicated that there were positive changes in self-talk, emotional control, and goal setting of athletes with SCI. With the exception of relaxation, Athlete 1 was able to maintain and use all of the improved mental skills in Paralympic competitions. However, although the mental skills of the athletes 2 and 3 generally improved, they were not able to take full advantage of these improvements in Paralympic competitions. PST can be developed and effectively utilized by athletes with SCI. Disability-specific issues should be considered to provide a better intervention program.