MPH can be a viable option for the primary treatment of GI, and it may be related to increasing urethral closure pressure. It was not possible to establish if a relationship between GI and detrusor overactivity exists.
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) has revolutionized the management of urolithiasis since it was first introduced in 1980. ESWL is a well-established, safe and effective therapeutic alternative to surgical treatment for urolithiasis. Complications of ESWL do occur in a small number of patients, and when they do, they typically involve the kidney. We present a case of a young female patient who developed a huge hepatic subcapsular hematoma accompanied by hypovolemic shock after ESWL for a 9 mm stone in the right kidney. The hematoma measured 13×6 cm. Conservative care with no surgical intervention was chosen because there was no evidence of active bleeding on the computed tomography. After conservative therapy, the hematoma was gradually absorbed and the patient was discharged.
Purpose: Dendritic cell (DC)-based tumor vaccine is an attractive modality for the treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) because it has some efficacy and few side effects in patients with poor general conditions. The aim of this study was to establish which is the most effective DC vaccine for the treatment of HRPC. We compared DC vaccine sensitized with tumor lysate and a fusion vaccine of DCs and tumor cells.
Materials and Methods:The DU145 cancer cell line was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection. DCs were cultured from peripheral blood monocytes. Peripheral blood monocytes were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with interleukin-4 (IL-4), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and 10% fetal calf serum. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha was added on day 7 to support maturation. Functional activity was measured in three groups: the DC single-culture group, the DC culture group with DC vaccine sensitized with tumor lysates, and the DC culture group prepared with tumor fusion vaccine made from irradiated tumor cells and monocyte-derived DCs by the polyethylene glycol method. Results: By FACS analysis, the rate of DC-tumor fusion vaccine was 20.3±3%. The IL-12 level produced by the DC-tumor fusion vaccine was significantly higher than that of DCs pulsed with tumor lysate (p<0.05). Also, the generation of interferon-γ by tumor-specific T cells in the DC-tumor fusion vaccine group was superior to that of DCs pulsed with tumor lysate (p<0.05). In addition, the T cells of the tumor lysate-pulsed DCs and tumor fusion vaccine had 1.6 and 2.5 times the functional activity, respectively, of the DC single-culture group in killing tumor cells in the cytotoxicity assay. Conclusions: The DC-tumor fusion vaccine seems to be more effective than DC single-culture or DC-tumor lysate vaccine in the treatment of HRPC.
Purpose: Benign prostatic hyperplasia is often accompanied by age-related comorbidity, such as erectile dysfunction (ED). Recent data suggest an association between ED and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), and increasing evidence indicates that the clinical use of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors provides relief from LUTS. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of tadalafil (20 mg once every 3 days for 12 weeks, p.o.) in men with moderate-to-severe ED and LUTS and to investigate the duration of the effects of tadalafil beyond treatment cessation. Metrials and Methods: Men with an International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) score of less than 11 (representing "moderate-to-severe" ED status) and with an International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) of more than 8 (representing "moderate-to-severe" LUTS status) were enrolled. IPSS (total score, storage subscore, and voiding subscore) and IIEF-5 scores before treatment (baseline), during treatment (weeks 4 and 12 after treatment commencement), and after treatment (weeks 16 and 20after treatment commencement) were compared. Results: IPSS and IIEF-5 scores were significantly different between baseline and week 12 after treatment commencement. Furthermore, these scores were significantly different between baseline and week 20 after treatment commencement. However, except for IIEF-5 scores, no significant differences were observed between week 12 and week 20. Conclusions: Treatment with 20 mg tadalafil (once every 3 days) had beneficial effects on LUTS and ED beyond treatment cessation in patients with moderate-to-severe ED and LUTS.
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