BackgroundThe most appropriate surgical procedure for multinodular goiter (MNG) remains under debate. Incidental thyroid carcinoma (ITC) is often identified on histopathological examination after thyroidectomy performed for presumed benign MNG.Aim of the studyThe aim of the study was to determine the value of radical surgery for MNG patients considering the prevalence of ITC diagnosed postoperatively.Materials and MethodsWe conducted retrospective analysis of the medical records of 2,306 patients surgically treated for MNG between 2008 and 2013 at one center. None of the patients presented with any suspicion of malignancy, history of familial thyroid cancer, multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome or previous head or neck radiation exposure.ResultsAmong the 2,306 MNG patients, ITC was detected in 49 (2.12%) (44 women and 5 men, with average ages of 52.2 (21–79) and 55.6 (52–62), respectively). Papillary thyroid carcinoma was significantly more frequently observed than other types of ITC (p<0.00001). Among the MNG patients, 866 (37.5%) underwent total/near total surgery, 464 (20.1%) received subtotal thyroidectomy, and 701 (30.3%) received the Dunhill operation. The remaining 275 (11.9%) patients underwent a less radical procedure and were classified as "others." Among the 49 (100%) patients with ITC, 28 (57.1%) underwent radical surgery. Another 21 (42.9%) patients required completion surgery due to an insufficient primary surgical procedure. A total of 21 (2.42%) patients in the total/near total surgery group were diagnosed with ITC, as well as 16 (2.48%) in the subtotal thyroidectomy group and 12 (1.71%) in the Dunhill operation group; 21 (100%), 4 (25%) and 3 (25%) of these patients, respectively, underwent radical surgery; thus, 0 (0%), 12 (75%) and 9 (75%) required completion surgery. The prevalence rates of ITC were comparable between the radical and subtotal surgery groups (2.42% and 3.44%, respectively, p = 0.4046), and the prevalence was higher in the radical surgery group than in the Dunhill operation group (2.42% and 1.71%, respectively, p = 0.0873). A significant difference was observed between the group of patients who underwent total/near total surgery, among whom all of the patients with ITC (100%) received primary radical surgery, and the groups of patients who received the subtotal and Dunhill operations, among whom only 25% of the patients with ITC in each group received primary radical surgery (p<0.0001).ConclusionsMore radical procedures for MNG result in a lower risk of reoperation for ITC. The prevalence of ITC on postoperative histopathological examination should determine the extent of surgery in MNG patients. In the future, total/near total thyroidectomy should be considered for MNG patients due to the increased prevalence of ITC to avoid the necessity for reoperation.
Abstract. There is no clear therapeutic approach for thyroid microcarcinoma (TMC). This may be as a consequence of recent observations that have reported biologically different types of TMC, which should be treated differently. The objective of the present study was to compare incidental TMC (ITMC) and non-incidental TMC (NITMC) in order to assess the differences in the incidence, diagnostic results, clinicopathological characteristics and surgical treatment. The study consisted of a retrospective chart review of 3,218 patients consecutively admitted and surgically treated in a single institution due to thyroid pathology. A total of 246 (7.64%) patients presented with a thyroid malignancy, and 97 (39.43%) of these individuals were diagnosed with TMC; 37 (38.14%) patients exhibited ITMC and 60 (61.86%) exhibited NITMC. All 37 (100.00%) patients with ITMC exhibited a papillary type of cancer. In the NITMC group, 1 (1.67%) patient presented with follicular microcarcinoma, 1 (1.67%) individual with papillary-and follicular-type microcarcinoma, 1 (1.67%) individual with medullary microcarcinoma, and the remaining 57 (95.00%) patients presented with papillary microcarcinoma. The number of younger patients (<45 years old) was higher in the NITMC group, but this difference was not significant (P=0.205). In all patients with ITMC, ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy did not reveal malignant processes. In the NITMC group, the number of larger tumors (>5 mm) was significantly higher compared with that in the ITMC group (P<0.001). ITMC was significantly associated with multinodular goiter (MNG) (P<0.001). Amongst the NITMC group, 18.33% of patients presented with cervical lymph node involvement (P<0.001). Overall, the incidence of TMC is high, and consists of ITMC and NITMC, although the prevalence of NITMC is higher than that of ITMC. The majority of ITMCs and NITMCs are composed of a papillary type of cancer. The majority of ITMCs have dimensions ≤5 mm in diameter and are significantly associated with MNG. In comparison with ITMC, NITMC more often presents with aggressive features such as cervical lymph node metastases, so the surgical approach to this tumor should be more radical.
BackgroundFine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is a recognized technique for the basic, preoperative cytological diagnosis of thyroid nodules.Aim of the StudyTo analyze the accuracy of FNAB in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer in patients with solitary and multiple thyroid nodules and to compare the demographic, clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with thyroid carcinoma in solitary and multiple tumors.Materials and MethodsThe case records of 2,403 patients with solitary and multiple thyroid tumors treated consecutively between 2008 and 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. We selected 1,645 for further analysis. A solitary thyroid nodule was observed in 493 patients, and multiple nodules were detected in 1,152 patients. Further classification of the patients in these two groups was performed on the basis of the FNAB results, type of surgery performed and histopathology. TC was histopathologically confirmed in 166 patients, and benign disease was found in 1,479. The TC patients were assigned to the study group, and those with benign thyroid disease were placed into the control group. The study group was divided into two subgroups according to the presence of cancer in a single thyroid nodule or in multiple nodules. Malignancy in a solitary thyroid nodule was diagnosed in 98 (59.0%) patients, and cancer in multiple nodules was diagnosed in 68 (41.0%). Comparative analyses of the demographic, clinical and histopathological characteristics were performed for both subgroups. The following statistical analyses were performed: comparative characteristic of subgroups, ROC analysis for study group and subgroup of patients, and multivariable logistic regression analysis for study group.ResultsThe rate of prediction of TC by FNAB was three times higher in the patients with a solitary thyroid nodule compared with those with multiple thyroid nodules and it was statistically significant (p<0.001). The rate of total thyroid resection and lack of necessity for reoperation were also significantly higher in the TC patients with a solitary nodule. The histopathological results showed that significantly more patients with a solitary nodule had advanced-stage TC (stage III or IV) and tumor progression (pT3 or pT4) (p = 0.002 for both). ROC analysis demonstrated that the overall accuracy of FNAB as a predictor of thyroid cancer presence was high, especially for the subgroup of patients with a solitary thyroid nodule (AUC = 0.958, p<0.0001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis confirmed that a positive FNAB result was the sole predictor of the performance of total resection in the TC study group (p<0.0001), while a negative FNAB result and the presence of a papillary cancer type were independent predictors of the risk of reoperation (p<0.0001 and p = 0.002, respectively).ConclusionsFNAB often produces false-negative results in patients with multiple malignant thyroid tumors, which results in reoperation in many cases. False-negative FNAB results are rare in patients with a solitary tumor. Because of the low predict...
Although thyroid carcinoma is more common in the adult population, the risk of a nodule being malignant is greater in children. The aim of our present investigation was to ascertain the percentage of malignancy in nodular goiter observed in patients from the Lower Silesia region in the last 12 years. The examination included 60 children (12 boys and 48 girls) treated in our clinic from 1987 to June 1998. Age varied from 7 to 18 years (mean 14.8 +/- 2.4), most of them in the age group between 13 and 18 years. The following investigations were performed: TSH, T3, T4, thyroid ultrasonography, fine needle aspiration biopsy and Tc99 scintigraphy of the thyroid. Most of the patients were euthyroid; two children demonstrated pressure symptoms. All the patients were treated by operation. Histological examinations revealed the following: nodular goiter in 19 patients, cystic nodular goiter in 5, follicular adenoma in 20, fetal adenoma in 3, nodular goiter and follicular adenoma in 6, papillary carcinoma in 6, and follicular carcinoma in 1 patient. We concluded that an increased incidence of thyroid cancer has been noted in children with nodular goiter in Lower Silesia during the last 12 years. Thyroid cancer was observed mostly in patients with single nodules and was associated with a high risk of malignancy.
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