The fcriiictitiitioti iitdrrst~rics 1i:ivc been illfliteliced it1 thc last. t,lircc or four years by a fuiiilnnicntiil clicinge of opinion coiiccriiiiig tlic tlicory of nlcoholic fernictit.cttioii niitl conccrr~ing the 1:ictic : i d f~rJllCiitiltiOl1 of the : i~i i~~l i t l organism (glycogciiolysis).The fiiiid:imcntnl eqiiatioti for iilcoldic fcrnicntatioti, IIiiiiip griiiii cnii bc rcgcncrntcd by I.Iorvitt'sJ1 ~iioiiltl rcinovnl nictliod which dcpcnds on tlic washing of t,lic griiin. After drying l i t n low tcttipcrnturc the grain is sterilized by ultra-riolct rays nnd w t i t-lien IN* storcvl wit11 snfctg.Various methods :ire uscd for tlic destruction of thc diffcrcnt pests found in thc grntinry ntid silos. OJIC of the most ccrtniii tiicthods, nccording to B. %uchcr,4? is warming for oiic hour to XI " C., which kills thc ii1scct.s niid does iiot Iinrnt tlic grnin. A inorc ccrtnin ~iicthotl is to licnt to 50"-52.5" C. ; no damage to tlic gcrtiiiiiating po\vcl-'3 is cnnscd by this trcntmcnt.Poisonous giises itre widely used to coriibiit tltcsc pests, oile of tlic most cfrcctivc 1)eiiig tlic sonicwhnt dangerous 1iytlrocy:inic iiciel giis. l\rcgiiiiil is convcnicnt iJi use, atid I \ ' . I\l:ischcnmcicr i i t t d KriigeiJa1 iirc of tltc opinion tltnt. S dnys' trcnttiiciit (at tlie optiiiiiiin teinpernturc of 25"-3Oo C.) of grunarics which :ire iiot complctely closcd is cfiiciciit. On nccoiittt of its infininInability, liowvcr, not iiiorc tlinn 120 C.C. pcr ciihic metre cnii tic iiscd.In America ii iiiisturc of 7 pnrts of solid CO, iiiid 1 part ctliylctic osidej6 is coriiiiioiily used, tlic lnttcr is iibsorbcd liy t.lic carbon diosidc nnd is riscil in this form for fuinigntion. 11:tltylctie osidc nlotie ciiii nlso lie uscd hut,, nccordiiig to 11. E. Swain atid Johnson,"0 this iicts uiifnvournbly on tlic p i n ger~iiination, ~rltcrcns in n niistiirc with CO, this is not tlic cnsc.Iiistcnd i\ccortliiig to 7'. Clirznszcz niid J. Jotiicltijf iiinlt.con t:iins n sisto-sitbstnncc wl~icli coiuliiiics with the ninyliisc ntid t 11: . iict.ioii cd'whicli is 1icg:itivctl by protcin tlccoiiiposit,ioti proilucts. Tlic ntiiylnsc is tiot newly foriiicd by gcrtiiiitnt~iott of the grniti but iiriscs in tlic ccrcnl itntiictli:it.cly :iftcr blossoniing niid is st,orccl tlicrc ; (luring ripciiiiig it bccoincs piirtiiilly cotiibii~cd with the sisto-substiiiiccs wliiclt fortn. I-Iyilrogcn sulpliidc ntid rcdiiciiig siibst:inccs iiiiil iilso various clcuto-substaticcs activate tlic n~i i y l n s c .~~ TIic lnrgcst nniounts of sistosubstance are present in bitckwlicnt 1llnlt.50 'l'hc obscrvntioiis atid proposals of G. Jnk0l),57 conccriiiiig tlic problcni of t h scl)iirntion iiiid rctiiovnl of the scdiinciit froiii tlie wort 1iiiv.c 1iit::l.v p r o i i i o t d so1110 discitssioii. I-Ic stntcs tlint :I riipitl rctiioviil of tlic scilimcnt ntitl Iiops is ticccssnry for bccr qutility. G. D~f r c i P finds tlint good bccr is o1)tniiicd by rapid rcmoviil of t,lic liops from t,lic wort, iiiitl hot filtriition. J. Sntiivn6D is of the opiiiioii t...
IN the preceding papers [1933] it was shown that in germinated and ungerminated cereals there are natural paralysers of amylase, which we call "sistoamylase substances." Buckwheat malt contains many of these paralysers, mostly in the leaves and roots. The sistoamylase adsorbs the plant amylase either in a state of solution or at the moment of being dissolved and so inactivates it.Moreover we have found other substances, which counteract the sistoamylase and have named these substances "eleutoamylases." Any eleutoamylase added to the system sistoamylase-amylase prevents inactivation by the paralyser, or if the amylase has been already inactivated by the sistoamylase, the whole or a greater part of the inactivated amylase is put into action by the eleutoamylase. The most active eleutoamylases recognised by us are products of decomposition of protein found in peptone.In the present paper the same problem is discussed in relation to animal amylase. Before anything else is suggested the following questions should be answered:(1) Is plant sistoamylase able also to inactivate animal amylase?(2) Does the system composed of plant sistoamylase and animal amylase react like the similar system containing plant amylase, the amylase of which can be reactivated by adding a suitable eleutoamylase?(3) Dothereco-exist in the animal organism besides amylasessisto-substances characterised by properties similar to those of the plant sistoamylases? EXPERIMENTAL.The experiments were conducted on human saliva, collected on the day of starting experiments, and on Merck's pancreatic amylase. The saliva was diluted in the proportion 5: 100, well mixed during 5 mins. and filtered. The solutions of pancreatic amylase were prepared by dissolving 0*25 g. of pancreatic amylase in 100 ml. of water at 200, shaken during 5 mins. and then filtered. The leaves and roots of buckwheat-malt, germinated within 15 days at 150, were taken as material containing the plant paralyser, the sistoamylase substance. This material was used in two different manners: well crushed undried, and dried in the apparatus of Faust-Heim at 350 and then reduced to powder. " Peptone siccum sine sale" (Merck) served as eleutoamylase. The PH of Merck's soluble starch solution was adjusted by additions of phosphate buffers to 6-7, determined
FORD and GUTHRIE [1908], examining extensively the influence of papain on the amount of amylase in barley, make the general statement that of all proteolytic enzymes papain acts the best. Wroblewski [1902], Biedermann [1922] Fricke and Kaja [1924] declare that trypsin has no influence on malt amylase.
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