Background Vitamin A is a nutrient that is required in a small amount for normal visual system function, growth and development, epithelia’s cellular integrity, immune function, and reproduction. Vitamin A has a significant and clinically important effect since it has been associated with a reduction in all-cause and diarrhea mortality. The aim of this study was to determine factors associated with national vitamin A supplementation among children aged 6–35 months. Method The data for this study was extracted from the 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey. A total weighted sample of 2242 women with children aged 6–35 months was included in the study. The analysis was performed using Stata version 14.2 software. Applying sampling weight for descriptive statistics and complex sample design for inferential statistics, a manual backward stepwise elimination approach was applied. Finally, statistical significance declared at the level of p value < 0.05. Result The overall coverage of vitamin A supplementation among children aged 6–35 months for the survey included was 44.4 95% CI (40.15, 48.74). In the multivariable analysis, mothers who had four or more antenatal visits [AOR = 2.02 (95% CI: 1.34, 3.04)] were two times more likely to receive vitamin A capsules for their children than mothers who had no antenatal visits. Children from middle-wealth quintiles had higher odds of receiving vitamin A capsules in comparison to children from the poorest wealth quintile [AOR = 1.77 (95% CI: 1.14, 2.73)]. Older children had higher odds of receiving vitamin A capsules than the youngest ones. Other factors that were associated with vitamin A supplementation were mode of delivery and region. Conclusion The coverage of vitamin A supplementation in Ethiopia remains low and it is strongly associated with antenatal visit, household wealth index and age of child. Expanding maternal health services like antenatal care visits should be prioritized.
Background The world Health Organization recommended that all mothers be supported to initiate breastfeeding as soon as possible after birth, within the first hour. This study examined the determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding in Ethiopia by using data from the 2019 Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey. Methods The data for this study was extracted from the 2019 Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey. A total of 1948 children aged less than 24 months at the time of the survey were included for analysis from the nine regional states and two city administrations. The analysis was carried out in STATA Version 14.2 software using survey commands to account for the complex sample design and apply sampling weights. A manual backward stepwise elimination approach was applied. Result The prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding in Ethiopia was noted to be 75.2% [95% CI (71.9, 78.5%)]. In the multivariable analysis, mothers who had vaginal deliveries [AOR = 3.02 (95% CI: 1.55, 5.88)] had 3 times higher odds practicing early initiation of breastfeeding compared to mothers who had a cesarian section. Mothers aged between 35 and 49 years [AOR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.20, 4.49] had 2.4 times higher odds of practicing early initiation of breastfeeding compared to mothers aged below 20 years. In addition, early initiation of breastfeeding was also associated with the region where mothers resided, in particular mothers in Amhara and Somali region, had lower odds of practicing early initiation of breastfeeding as compared with mothers residing in Tigray region. Conclusion Early initiation of breastfeeding in Ethiopia was found to be significantly associated with mode of delivery, mother’s age, and region. As a result, raising awareness about early initiation of breastfeeding is especially important for mothers who have had a cesarean section, which could be accomplished with the help of the health extension workforce.
Background: Early childhood mortality is a major problem in terms of demographics, health, and development and factors that determine the size and growth rate of a population, as well as its ages and genders, along with its spatial distribution. The aim of this study was to determine factors associated with Early childhood mortality among children aged 0–59 months. Methods: The data for this study was extracted from Ethiopia mini demographic and health survey 2019. The study involved 5414 women with children aged 0–59 months in a weighted sample. The analysis was performed using STATA version 16 software. Using sampling weights for descriptive statistics and complex sample designs for inferential statistics, backward stepwise elimination was manually applied. Finally, statistical significance declared at the level of p-value < 0.05. Result: The prevalence of early childhood mortality in Ethiopia was observed to be 5.8%. In multivariate analysis the household wealth index, children from the poorest-wealth index (AOR = 1.211, 95% CI: 0.716-2.047) had higher odds of early childhood mortality in comparison to children from the richer wealth index. The odds of early childhood mortality were thirteen times higher among children born with twins’ birth as compared to single birth, (AOR = 13.615, 95% CI: 6.399-28.965). The odds of early childhood mortality were lower among children delivered in a health facility as compared to home delivery (AOR = 0.936, 95% CI: 0.893-0.982). The odds of early childhood mortality were lower among tube well sources of drinking water as compared to piped sources of drinking water (AOR = 0.7128, 95% CI: 0.322-1.599). The odds of early childhood mortality were higher among pit latrine-type toilet facilities as compared to flush-type toilet facilities (AOR = 2.056, 95% CI: 1.319-3.207). Conclusion: The prevalence of early childhood mortality in Ethiopia shows high risk and it is significantly associated with household wealth index, type of birth, place of delivery, sources of drinking water, and types of toilet facilities. Increasing the coverage and access to early childhood education, governmental and non-governmental organizations and all concerned stakeholders should be prioritized as the major determinants of early childhood mortality.
Background: Vitamin A is a nutrient that is required in a small amount for normal visual system function, growth and development, epithelia’s cellular integrity, immune function, and reproduction. Vitamin A has a significant and clinically important effect since it has been associated with a reduction in all-cause and diarrhea mortality. The aim of this study was to determine factors associated with national vitamin A supplementation among children aged 6-35 months by using data from the 2019 Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey.Method: The study used a population-based cross-sectional study design to assess factors associated with vitamin A supply among children aged 6 to 35 months in the six months before the survey's start. Descriptive statistics were used to identify the proportion of children who had taken vitamin A supplements, after which multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the predictors of vitamin A supplementation. Result: The overall coverage of vitamin A supplementation among children aged 6-35 months for the survey included was 46 %. In the multivariable analysis, children who resided in urban areas [AOR = 1.34 (95 % CI: 1.00, 1.81)] were more likely to receive vitamin A supplementation than children living in rural areas. Postnatal care recipients were 1.5 times more likely than non-recipients to obtain vitamin A capsules for their children [AOR = 1.54 (95 % CI: 1.20, 1.97)]. Mothers [AOR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.029, 1.57] who delivered at health facilities were 26% more likely to receive vitamin A capsules for their children than those who delivered at home. Other factors that were associated with higher a likelihood of vitamin A supplementation were: number of antenatal visits, age of child, and household wealth index.Conclusion: The coverage of vitamin A supplementation set by the Ethiopia ministry of health remains low and it is strongly associated with antenatal visit, postnatal checkups and place of delivery. Expanding institutional delivery and maternal health services like ANC and PNC should be prioritized.
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